Process system optimization for life cycle improvement
Journal Article
·
· Environmental Progress
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an analytic tool for quantifying the environmental impacts of all processes used in converting raw materials into a final product. The LCA consists of three parts. Life cycle inventory quantifies all material and energy use, and environmental emissions for the entire product life cycle, while impact assessment evaluates actual and potential environmental and human health consequences of the activities identified in the inventory phase. Most importantly, life cycle improvement aims at reducing the risk of these consequences occurring to make the product more benign. when the LCA is performed in conjunction with a technoeconomic analysis, the total economic and environmental benefits and shortcomings of a product or process can be quantified. A methodology has been developed incorporating process performance, economics, and life cycle inventory data to synthesize process systems, which meet life cycle impact-improvement targets at least cost. The method relies on a systematic description of the product life cycle and utilizes successive Linear Programming to formulate and optimize the non-linear, constrained problem which results. The practicality and power of this approach have been demonstrated by examining options for the reduction of emissions of the greenhouse gas CO{sub 2} from petroleum-based fuels.
- Research Organization:
- Federal Energy Technology Center, Pittsburgh, PA (US)
- OSTI ID:
- 20015099
- Journal Information:
- Environmental Progress, Journal Name: Environmental Progress Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 18; ISSN 0278-4491; ISSN ENVPDI
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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