Land application of pulp and paper mill effluents -- A literature review
This paper reviews the literature on land application of pulp and paper mill effluents with emphasis on secondary treated effluents from kraft bleach pulp mills. It discusses the current status of effluent land application in the industry and the need for further studies. The literature review showed that considerable research had been undertaken, including full-scale land application of effluents from pulp and paper mills. These studies dealt almost exclusively with crop productivity aspects. Soil salinity and sodicity problems, as well as application rates were extensively studied. However, relatively little attention has been given to the behavior of toxic organic compounds from pulp mill effluents in the soil environment and the long-term environmental impact of the effluent disposal practices is not fully understood.
- Research Organization:
- Univ. of Toronto, Ontario (CA)
- OSTI ID:
- 20006480
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-990608--
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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