Electrochemical cycling-induced spinel formation in high-charge-capacity orthorhombic LiMnO{sub 2}

Journal Article · Wed Sep 01 04:00:00 EDT 1999 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1149/1.1392457· OSTI ID:20003173

Jang, Y I; Huang, B; Wang, H; Sadoway, D R; Chiang, Y M

Li{sub x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 4} spinel normally undergoes a transformation from its cubic to tetragonal phase when x exceeds 1 due to a collective Jahn-Teller distortion, resulting in poor cyclability when both the 4 and 3 V intercalation plateaus are utilized. In this study, the authors show that this transformation is suppressed in spinels of composition up to x {approx} 2 obtained through the electrochemical cycling of orthorhombic LiMnO{sub 2}. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution electron microscopy studies together show the cycling produces a cubic spinel containing partial tetrahedral cation site occupancy and a nanodomain structure (20 to 50 nm size) within parent single-crystalline oxide particles. This structure is responsible for the cycling stability of electrochemically produced spinel. The reversible capacity (272 mAh/g) and energy density (853 Wh/kg) achieved at a low charge-discharge rate (3.33 mA/g) in the present samples are the highest among crystalline LiMnO{sub 2} materials reported to date.

• Research Organization: Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA (US)
• Sponsoring Organization: US Department of Energy; National Science Foundation
• DOE Contract Number: AC07-94ID13223
• OSTI ID: 20003173
• Journal Information: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 146; ISSN JESOAN
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
CAPACITY
ENERGY DENSITY
LITHIUM OXIDES
MANGANESE OXIDES
METAL-NONMETAL BATTERIES
SPINELS