Exploring the High-Pressure Phases of Carbon through X-ray Diffraction of Dynamic Compression Experiments on Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility

Ao, Tommy; Kalita, Pat; Blada, Caroline; Brown, Nathan P.; Fulford, Karin; Gard, Paul; Geissel, Matthias; Hanshaw, Heath; Montoya, Michael; Payne, Sheri; Scoglietti, Edward; Smith, Anthony; Speas, Christopher Shane; Porter, John L.; Seagle, Christopher T.

doi:10.3390/min13091203

Exploring the High-Pressure Phases of Carbon through X-ray Diffraction of Dynamic Compression Experiments on Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility

Journal Article · Wed Sep 13 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Minerals

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091203· OSTI ID:2000106

; Kalita, Pat; Blada, Caroline; Brown, Nathan P.; Fulford, Karin; Gard, Paul; Geissel, Matthias; Hanshaw, Heath; Montoya, Michael; Payne, Sheri; Scoglietti, Edward; Smith, Anthony; Speas, Christopher Shane; Porter, John L.; Seagle, Christopher T.

The carbon phase diagram is rich with polymorphs which possess very different physical and optical properties ideal for different scientific and engineering applications. An understanding of the dynamically driven phase transitions in carbon is particularly important for applications in inertial confinement fusion, as well as planetary and meteorite impact histories. Experiments on the Z Pulsed Power Facility at Sandia National Laboratories generate dynamically compressed high-pressure states of matter with exceptional uniformity, duration, and size that are ideal for investigations of fundamental material properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is an important material physics measurement because it enables direct observation of the strain and compression of the crystal lattice, and it enables the detection and identification of phase transitions. Several unique challenges of dynamic compression experiments on Z prevent using XRD systems typically utilized at other dynamic compression facilities, so novel XRD diagnostics have been designed and implemented. We performed experiments on Z to shock compress carbon (pyrolytic graphite) samples to pressures of 150–320 GPa. The Z-Beamlet Laser generated Mn-Heα (6.2 keV) X-rays to probe the shock-compressed carbon sample, and the new XRD diagnostics measured changes in the diffraction pattern as the carbon transformed into its high-pressure phases. Quantitative analysis of the dynamic XRD patterns in combination with continuum velocimetry information constrained the stability fields and melting of high-pressure carbon polymorphs.

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Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2000106

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2311400

Report Number(s):: SAND--2023-09634J; PII: min13091203

Journal Information:: Minerals, Journal Name: Minerals Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 13; ISSN MBSIBI; ISSN 2075-163X

Publisher:: MDPI AGCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Switzerland

Language:: English

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Exploring the High-Pressure Phases of Carbon through X-ray Diffraction of Dynamic Compression Experiments on Sandia’s Z Pulsed Power Facility

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