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An overview of cobalt-free, nickel-containing cathodes for Li-ion batteries

Journal Article · · Materials Today Energy
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6]
  1. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Tennessee Technological Univ., Cookeville, TN (United States); General Motors Global Technical Center, Warren, MI (United States)
  2. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY (United States)
  3. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  4. Tennessee Technological Univ., Cookeville, TN (United States)
  5. Nouveau Monde Graphite, Saint-Michel-des-Saints, QC (Canada)
  6. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
The need for high-energy, low-cost batteries is projected to grow dramatically in the next decade due to electrification of the transportation market. Such demands are straining Li-ion supply chains for critical materials including lithium, nickel, and cobalt. Price instability, environment toxicity, and limits in the absolute supply lead to great concern for the continued use of cobalt. Similar to cobalt, the required grade of nickel for batteries, known as Class 1 nickel, has also been declining due to geological scarcity and low incentive prices. Herein, this review summarizes alternative cathode chemistries with no cobalt and reduced nickel content for high-energy Li-ion batteries targeting sustainable growth in the electric vehicle market. Further, the primary challenges associated with each material system are generally classified as being related to four common categories: (1) ion instability during charging, (2) poor electronic conductivity, (3) poor ionic conductivity, and (4) poor thermal stability.
Research Organization:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
1997653
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1897761
Journal Information:
Materials Today Energy, Journal Name: Materials Today Energy Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 30; ISSN 2468-6069
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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  • Thackeray, Michael M.; Johnson, Christopher S.; Vaughey, John T.
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry, Vol. 15, Issue 23, p. 2257-2267 https://doi.org/10.1039/b417616m
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25 ENERGY STORAGE
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