Autonomous alignment and healing in multilayer soft electronics using immiscible dynamic polymers

Cooper, Christopher B.; Root, Samuel E.; Michalek, Lukas; Wu, Shuai; Lai, Jian-Cheng; Khatib, Muhammad; Oyakhire, Solomon T.; Zhao, Renee; Qin, Jian; Bao, Zhenan

doi:10.1126/science.adh0619

Autonomous alignment and healing in multilayer soft electronics using immiscible dynamic polymers

Journal Article · Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adh0619· OSTI ID:1996624

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Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Self-healing soft electronic and robotic devices can, like human skin, recover autonomously from damage. While current devices use a single type of dynamic polymer for all functional layers to ensure strong interlayer adhesion, this approach requires manual layer alignment. In this study, we used two dynamic polymers, which have immiscible backbones but identical dynamic bonds, to maintain interlayer adhesion while enabling autonomous realignment during healing. These dynamic polymers exhibit a weakly interpenetrating and adhesive interface, whose width is tunable. When multilayered polymer films are misaligned after damage, these structures autonomously realign during healing to minimize interfacial free energy. Finally, we fabricated devices with conductive, dielectric, and magnetic particles that functionally heal after damage, enabling thin-film pressure sensors, magnetically assembled soft robots, and underwater circuit assembly.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: German Research Foundation (DFG); National Science Foundation (NSF); US Army Research Office (ARO); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1996624

Journal Information:: Science, Journal Name: Science Journal Issue: 6648 Vol. 380; ISSN 0036-8075

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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