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Theoretical Advances in Polariton Chemistry and Molecular Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics

Journal Article · · Chemical Reviews
When molecules are coupled to an optical cavity, new light–matter hybrid states, so-called polaritons, are formed due to quantum light–matter interactions. With the experimental demonstrations of modifying chemical reactivities by forming polaritons under strong light–matter interactions, theorists have been encouraged to develop new methods to simulate these systems and discover new strategies to tune and control reactions. This review summarizes some of these exciting theoretical advances in polariton chemistry, in methods ranging from the fundamental framework to computational techniques and applications spanning from photochemistry to vibrational strong coupling. Even though the theory of quantum light–matter interactions goes back to the midtwentieth century, the gaps in the knowledge of molecular quantum electrodynamics (QED) have only recently been filled. We review recent advances made in resolving gauge ambiguities, the correct form of different QED Hamiltonians under different gauges, and their connections to various quantum optics models. Then, we review recently developed ab initio QED approaches which can accurately describe polariton states in a realistic molecule–cavity hybrid system. We then discuss applications using these method advancements. We review advancements in polariton photochemistry where the cavity is made resonant to electronic transitions to control molecular nonadiabatic excited state dynamics and enable new photochemical reactivities. When the cavity resonance is tuned to the molecular vibrations instead, ground-state chemical reaction modifications have been demonstrated experimentally, though its mechanistic principle remains unclear. We present some recent theoretical progress in resolving this mystery. Finally, we review the recent advances in understanding the collective coupling regime between light and matter, where many molecules can collectively couple to a single cavity mode or many cavity modes. We also lay out the current challenges in theory to explain the observed experimental results. We hope that this review will serve as a useful document for anyone who wants to become familiar with the context of polariton chemistry and molecular cavity QED and thus significantly benefit the entire community.
Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001
OSTI ID:
1996166
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-22-32227
Journal Information:
Chemical Reviews, Journal Name: Chemical Reviews Journal Issue: 16 Vol. 123; ISSN 0009-2665
Publisher:
American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Prediction of ion channel transport from Grote—Hynes and Kramers theories journal July 2002
Semi-classical path integral non-adiabatic dynamics: a partial linearized classical mapping Hamiltonian approach journal May 2012
Equivalence of interaction hamiltonians in the electric dipole approximation journal May 2004
A reformulation of molecular quantum electrodynamics journal March 1974
Dynamics and protecting of entanglement in two-level systems interacting with a dissipative cavity: the Gardiner–Collett approach journal July 2015
Light–matter interaction in the long-wavelength limit: no ground-state without dipole self-energy journal January 2018
Quantum dot Rabi rotations beyond the weak exciton–phonon coupling regime journal November 2010
Quantum theory of collective strong coupling of molecular vibrations with a microcavity mode journal May 2015
Ultrafast dynamics in the vicinity of quantum light-induced conical intersections journal September 2019
Ultrafast modulation of vibrational polaritons for controlling the quantum field statistics at mid-infrared frequencies journal January 2022
Competition between collective and individual conical intersection dynamics in an optical cavity journal July 2022
Derivation of a Hamiltonian for photon decay in a cavity journal September 2000
Chemical Dynamics in Condensed Phases book April 2006
Quantum Optics: An Introduction book April 2006
Polaritons and excitons: Hamiltonian design for enhanced coherence journal October 2020
Coulomb Gauge in Non-Relativistic Quantum Electro-Dynamics and the Shape of Spectral Lines journal September 1959
Theory of the Contribution of Excitons to the Complex Dielectric Constant of Crystals journal December 1958
Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects journal November 1965
Exact Solution for an N -Molecule—Radiation-Field Hamiltonian journal June 1968
On the Process of Space Quantization journal February 1936
Space Quantization in a Gyrating Magnetic Field journal April 1937
Quantum control with quantum light of molecular nonadiabaticity journal November 2019
Understanding the nature of mean-field semiclassical light-matter dynamics: An investigation of energy transfer, electron-electron correlations, external driving, and long-time detailed balance journal December 2019
Quasiclassical modeling of cavity quantum electrodynamics journal March 2020
Gauge invariance of the Dicke and Hopfield models journal August 2020
Analytic approach to dynamics of the resonant and off-resonant Jaynes-Cummings systems with cavity losses journal May 2021
Gauge-invariant theory of truncated quantum light-matter interactions in arbitrary media journal January 2023
Matter-field interaction in atomic physics and quantum optics journal September 1987
Markov processes in Hilbert space and continuous spontaneous localization of systems of identical particles journal July 1990
Displaced squeezed number states: Position space representation, inner product, and some applications journal December 1996
Quantized mode of a leaky cavity journal November 2000
Microscopic derivation of the Jaynes-Cummings model with cavity losses journal January 2007
Analytical solutions for the Rabi model journal July 2012
Exact solvability of the quantum Rabi model using Bogoliubov operators journal August 2012
Qudit quantum computation in the Jaynes-Cummings model journal February 2013
Quantum-electrodynamical density-functional theory: Bridging quantum optics and electronic-structure theory journal July 2014
Bloch-Siegert shift of the Rabi model journal May 2015
Absorption and photoluminescence in organic cavity QED journal May 2017
Cavity quantum electrodynamics in the nonperturbative regime journal April 2018
Ab initio nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics: Bridging quantum chemistry and quantum optics from weak to strong coupling journal October 2018
Breakdown of gauge invariance in ultrastrong-coupling cavity QED journal November 2018
Capturing vacuum fluctuations and photon correlations in cavity quantum electrodynamics with multitrajectory Ehrenfest dynamics journal June 2019
Strong Coupling of Exciton-Polaritons in a Bulk GaN Planar Waveguide: Quantifying the Coupling Strength journal November 2020
Electromagnetic coupling in tight-binding models for strongly correlated light and matter journal May 2020
Microscopic theory of cavity-confined monolayer semiconductors: Polariton-induced valley relaxation and the prospect of enhancing and controlling valley pseudospin by chiral strong coupling journal January 2021
Gauge fixing for strongly correlated electrons coupled to quantum light journal February 2021
Charge-transfer chemical reactions in nanofluidic Fabry-Pérot cavities journal April 2021
Coupling and decoupling of polaritonic states in multimode cavities journal June 2021
Unusual dynamical properties of disordered polaritons in microcavities journal February 2022
Strong-coupling regime for quantum boxes in pillar microcavities: Theory journal November 1999
Quantum dot cavity-QED in the presence of strong electron-phonon interactions journal May 2002
Dynamics of a two-level system strongly coupled to a high-frequency quantum oscillator journal November 2005
Geometry dependence of surface lattice resonances in plasmonic nanoparticle arrays journal April 2017
Tensor network simulation of polaron-polaritons in organic microcavities journal October 2018
Exact Factorization of the Time-Dependent Electron-Nuclear Wave Function journal September 2010
Reversible Switching of Ultrastrong Light-Molecule Coupling journal May 2011
Integrability of the Rabi Model journal August 2011
Coupled-Trajectory Quantum-Classical Approach to Electronic Decoherence in Nonadiabatic Processes journal August 2015
Optimized Effective Potential for Quantum Electrodynamical Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory journal August 2015
Observation of Quantum Interferences via Light-Induced Conical Intersections in Diatomic Molecules journal April 2016
Cavity-Controlled Chemistry in Molecular Ensembles journal June 2016
Multiple Rabi Splittings under Ultrastrong Vibrational Coupling journal October 2016
Many-Molecule Reaction Triggered by a Single Photon in Polaritonic Chemistry journal September 2017
Cavity-Correlated Electron-Nuclear Dynamics from First Principles journal September 2018
Revealing the Presence of Potential Crossings in Diatomics Induced by Quantum Cavity Radiation journal February 2019
Variational Theory of Nonrelativistic Quantum Electrodynamics journal May 2019
Exact Potential Energy Surface for Molecules in Cavities journal August 2019
Resolution of Gauge Ambiguities in Molecular Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics journal September 2020
Multimode Organic Polariton Lasing journal December 2020
Few-Mode Field Quantization of Arbitrary Electromagnetic Spectral Densities journal March 2021
Catalysis by Dark States in Vibropolaritonic Chemistry journal February 2022
Shortcut to Self-Consistent Light-Matter Interaction and Realistic Spectra from First Principles journal April 2022
Simple Exchange-Correlation Energy Functionals for Strongly Coupled Light-Matter Systems Based on the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem journal September 2022
Quantum Theory of Activated Events in Condensed Phases journal September 1981
Wave-function approach to dissipative processes in quantum optics journal February 1992
Semiclassical Description of Nonadiabatic Quantum Dynamics journal January 1997
Quantum-Mechanical Position Operator in Extended Systems journal March 1998
Photoinduced Charge Transfer across the Interface between Organic Molecular Crystals and Polymers journal June 2005
Generalized Rotating-Wave Approximation for Arbitrarily Large Coupling journal October 2007
Photoabsorption spectra of small Na clusters: TDHF and BSE versus CI and experiment journal April 2019
Optimal gauge for the multimode Rabi model in circuit QED journal November 2019
Polaritonic coupled-cluster theory journal June 2020
Gauge freedom, quantum measurements, and time-dependent interactions in cavity QED journal April 2021
Coupled Cluster Theory for Molecular Polaritons: Changing Ground and Excited States journal December 2020
Strong Coupling in Chiral Cavities: Nonperturbative Framework for Enantiomer Discrimination journal July 2023
Ultrafast Polariton-Phonon Dynamics of Strongly Coupled Quantum Dot-Nanocavity Systems journal July 2015
Cavity-Induced Modifications of Molecular Structure in the Strong-Coupling Regime journal November 2015
Cavity Casimir-Polder Forces and Their Effects in Ground-State Chemical Reactivity journal June 2019
Reaction-rate theory: fifty years after Kramers journal April 1990
Path integrals in the theory of condensed helium journal April 1995
Electronic excitations: density-functional versus many-body Green’s-function approaches journal June 2002
Coupled-cluster theory in quantum chemistry journal February 2007
Exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation journal May 2010
Implications of gauge freedom for nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics journal November 2022
Analysis of the Interaction Between Classical and Quantum Plasmons via FDTD–TDDFT Method journal January 2019
Comparison of quantum and semiclassical radiation theories with application to the beam maser journal January 1963
Climbing the Jaynes–Cummings ladder by photon counting journal January 2012
Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices journal October 1955
Generalized coherent states journal August 2014
Suppression of photo-oxidation of organic chromophores by strong coupling to plasmonic nanoantennas journal July 2018
Inverting singlet and triplet excited states using strong light-matter coupling journal December 2019
Selective isomer emission via funneling of exciton polaritons journal October 2021
Electronic Coherence and Collective Optical Excitations of Conjugated Molecules journal August 1997
Laser Control of Chemical Reactions journal March 1998
Photon-Mediated Hybridization of Frenkel Excitons in Organic Semiconductor Microcavities journal June 2000
Single-molecule optomechanics in “picocavities” journal November 2016
Tilting a ground-state reactivity landscape by vibrational strong coupling journal February 2019
Manipulating matter by strong coupling to vacuum fields journal July 2021
Modification of ground-state chemical reactivity via light–matter coherence in infrared cavities journal June 2023
The Davidson Method journal January 1994
Light-matter interactions via the exact factorization approach journal August 2018
Progress in Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory journal May 2012
Understanding the Surface Hopping View of Electronic Transitions and Decoherence journal May 2016
Ring-Polymer Molecular Dynamics: Quantum Effects in Chemical Dynamics from Classical Trajectories in an Extended Phase Space journal April 2013
Vibration-Cavity Polariton Chemistry and Dynamics journal April 2022
Molecular Polaritonics: Chemical Dynamics Under Strong Light–Matter Coupling journal April 2022
Elementary Reactions in the Gas-Liquid Transition Range journal October 1987
The Diabatic Picture of Electron Transfer, Reaction Barriers, and Molecular Dynamics journal March 2010
BEYOND BORN-OPPENHEIMER: Molecular Dynamics Through a Conical Intersection journal June 2004
Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Methods for Open-Shell and Electronically Excited Species: The Hitchhiker's Guide to Fock Space journal May 2008
Atomistic investigation of hybrid plasmonic systems journal January 2019
Polariton Chemistry in Cavity Vacuum Fields journal April 2021
Monte Carlo wave-function method in quantum optics journal January 1993
Resolving ambiguities of the mode truncation in cavity quantum electrodynamics journal March 2022
Strong light-matter coupling in quantum chemistry and quantum photonics journal September 2018
Ground state chemistry under vibrational strong coupling: dependence of thermodynamic parameters on the Rabi splitting energy journal February 2020
Polariton panorama journal November 2020
Macroscopic QED for quantum nanophotonics: emitter-centered modes as a minimal basis for multiemitter problems journal October 2020
Hot carrier generation in a strongly coupled molecule–plasmonic nanoparticle system journal March 2023
Data underpinning - Near-infrared exciton-polaritons in strongly coupled single-walled carbon nanotube microcavities dataset January 2016
Spin-Mapping Methods for Simulating Ultrafast Nonadiabatic Dynamics journal June 2022
Manipulating Azobenzene Photoisomerization Through Strong Light-Molecule Coupling dataset January 2018
Resolving ambiguities of the mode truncation in cavity quantum electrodynamics collection January 2022

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