Insights into Chemical Prelithiation of SiOx/Graphite Composite Anodes through Scanning Electron Microscope Imaging

Zhang, Xin; Hou, Xiaodong; Hou, Yong; Zhang, Ruiqing; Xu, Shuai; Mann, Michael

doi:10.1021/acsaem.3c01077

Insights into Chemical Prelithiation of SiO_x/Graphite Composite Anodes through Scanning Electron Microscope Imaging

Journal Article · Fri Jul 28 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · ACS Applied Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c01077· OSTI ID:1995797

Zhang, Xin ^[1]; ^[2]; Hou, Yong ^[3]; Zhang, Ruiqing ^[2]; Xu, Shuai ^[2]; Mann, Michael ^[2]

University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND (United States); University of North Dakota
University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND (United States)
Clean Republic, Grand Forks, ND (United States)

Initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) is critical for determining the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used for practical applications; however, it is typically disregarded in anode research. We used SiO_x and graphite composite anodes for commercial lithium-ion batteries in our preliminary research to achieve a balance between ICE, capacity, and cycling life. ICE reached 88%; however, it needs further improvement for commercial applications. Prelithiation is a process that involves the introduction of extra lithium ions into LIBs during their manufacturing to enhance the overall performance of the LIBs. We applied a chemical prelithiation method on our SiO_x/graphite composite anodes, which comprised 95 wt % of the active material mass loading on the electrode. The ICE increased from 88% to 98% using an aryllithium reagent impregnation method within 2 min of prelithiation. The anode’s specific capacity density, rate, and cycle performance also significantly improved. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging enhanced by an osmium tetroxide staining method indicated that the P-anode contained a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer after the prelithiation process and cycling electrochemical test. The P-anode’s stable charge differential peak over 500 cycles also showcases a robust artificial SEI layer that was generated by the prelithiation procedure. Here, this prelithiation process has significant potential for adoption in the LIB industry’s current electrode manufacturing process.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM)

Grant/Contract Number:: FE0031984

OSTI ID:: 1995797

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Energy Materials, Journal Name: ACS Applied Energy Materials Journal Issue: 15 Vol. 6; ISSN 2574-0962

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Insights into Chemical Prelithiation of SiOx/Graphite Composite Anodes through Scanning Electron Microscope Imaging

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Insights into Chemical Prelithiation of SiO_x/Graphite Composite Anodes through Scanning Electron Microscope Imaging