Enhanced energy conversion efficiency promoted by cavitation in gasoline direct injection

Zhang, Qing; Gao, Ya; Chu, Miaoqi; Chen, Pice; Zhang, Qingteng; Wang, Jin

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.126117

Title: Enhanced energy conversion efficiency promoted by cavitation in gasoline direct injection

Journal Article · Mon Nov 21 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.126117· OSTI ID:1994794

Zhang, Qing ^[1]; Gao, Ya ^[2]; Chu, Miaoqi ^[2]; Chen, Pice ^[2]; Zhang, Qingteng ^[2];

^[2]

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

High-pressure direct fuel injection plays the most crucial role in energy conversion and improving engine combustion efficiency and emission. The optimization of turbulent and multiphase fuel injection has focused on controlling hydrodynamic parameters such as injection pressure. While the thermodynamic influence is often considered in the flash boiling situation, we inquire into how gasoline-type fuel’s hydro- and thermodynamic properties impact the injection dynamics by fuel-temperature induced cavitation. The turbulent and cavitating flows emanating from the direct-injection nozzle is visualized by ultrafast x-ray imaging with an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. The ultrafast liquid-fuel dynamics are dominated by injection pressure as well as fuel temperature through cavitation, an important thermodynamic parameter but often difficult to control in engine combustion. With the most direct and quantitative measurement, we discovered that the near-nozzle fuel-jet dynamics can be perfectly scaled by a single dimensionless parameter, cavitation number, particularly sensitive to the fuel temperature, in a wide operation range. This universal scaling shows that cavitation can be harnessed to elevate the pneumatic-hydraulic to kinetic energy conversion efficiency, critical for promoting fuel atomization and engine combustion performance. This enhancement effect will have even more impact on engine combustion using alternative low-emission fuels with higher saturated vapor pressure.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); Argonne National Laboratory; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1994794

Journal Information:: Energy, Vol. 265; ISSN 0360-5442

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Enhanced energy conversion efficiency promoted by cavitation in gasoline direct injection

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