Predicted viscosity of liquid HMX up to 40 GPa

Kroonblawd, Matthew P.; Bastea, Sorin; Springer, H. Keo

doi:10.1002/prep.202300058

Predicted viscosity of liquid HMX up to 40 GPa

Journal Article · Fri Aug 04 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202300058· OSTI ID:1994023

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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States). Energetic Materials Center

Viscous flow serves as a significant heating mechanism during the formation of hot spots, but the shear viscosity which determines this response is poorly characterized for most high explosives. Most recently, a model was proposed for the shear viscosity of liquid HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane) that was fit to pressures reaching 5 GPa, but this work uncovered uncertainties in the viscosity at 0 GPa and remains untested at higher pressures. We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the Green-Kubo formalism to predict the temperature- and pressure-dependent shear viscosity of HMX over the pressure interval 0 GPa≤P≤40 GPa. Reassessment of the viscosity at 0 GPa rules out several potential explanations for discrepancies between earlier reports; we attribute these differences to details of MD trajectory integration impacting molecular flexibility. The shear viscosity of HMX exhibits an Arrhenius temperature dependence at each pressure considered, with exponential prefactor and activation energy terms that are also strong functions of pressure. An analytic form for the viscosity is developed based on an extension of the well-known Andrade equation that simultaneously captures the temperature and pressure dependencies in the MD data up to 40 GPa. Comparison against a recently developed model for the viscosity of liquid RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane) shows that both materials exhibit similar functional dependencies with the viscosity of HMX being higher by roughly an order of magnitude at a given temperature-pressure state.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1994023

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-845680; 1067935

Journal Information:: Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, Journal Name: Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics Journal Issue: N/A Vol. vol. 48; ISSN 0721-3115

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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