Experimentally determined traits shape bacterial community composition one and five years following wildfire

Johnson, Dana B.; Woolet, Jamie; Yedinak, Kara M.; Whitman, Thea

doi:10.1038/s41559-023-02135-4

Experimentally determined traits shape bacterial community composition one and five years following wildfire

Journal Article · Mon Jul 31 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Nature Ecology and Evolution

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02135-4· OSTI ID:1993098

; Woolet, Jamie; Yedinak, Kara M.;

Abstract

Wildfires represent major ecological disturbances, burning 2–3% of Earth’s terrestrial area each year with sometimes drastic effects above- and belowground. Soil bacteria offer an ideal, yet understudied system within which to explore fundamental principles of fire ecology. To understand how wildfires restructure soil bacterial communities and alter their functioning, we sought to translate aboveground fire ecology to belowground systems by determining which microbial traits are important post-fire and whether changes in bacterial communities affect carbon cycling. We employed an uncommon approach to assigning bacterial traits, by first running three laboratory experiments to directly determine which microbes survive fires, grow quickly post-fire and/or thrive in the post-fire environment, while tracking CO ₂ emissions. We then quantified the abundance of taxa assigned to each trait in a large field dataset of soils one and five years after wildfires in the boreal forest of northern Canada. We found that fast-growing bacteria rapidly dominate post-fire soils but return to pre-burn relative abundances by five years post-fire. Although both fire survival and affinity for the post-fire environment were statistically significant predictors of post-fire community composition, neither are particularly influential. Our results from the incubation trials indicate that soil carbon fluxes post-wildfire are not likely limited by microbial communities, suggesting strong functional resilience. From these findings, we offer a traits-based framework of bacterial responses to wildfire.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021022

OSTI ID:: 1993098

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2421699

Journal Information:: Nature Ecology and Evolution, Journal Name: Nature Ecology and Evolution Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 7; ISSN 2397-334X

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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