BASS XXXII: Studying the Nuclear Millimeter-wave Continuum Emission of AGNs with ALMA at Scales ≲100–200 pc

Kawamuro, Taiki; Ricci, Claudio; Imanishi, Masatoshi; Mushotzky, Richard F.; Izumi, Takuma; Ricci, Federica; Bauer, Franz E.; Koss, Michael J.; Trakhtenbrot, Benny; Ichikawa, Kohei; Rojas, Alejandra F.; Smith, Krista Lynne; Shimizu, Taro; Oh, Kyuseok; den Brok, Jakob S.; Baba, Shunsuke; Baloković, Mislav; Chang, Chin-Shin; Kakkad, Darshan; Pfeifle, Ryan W.; Privon, George C.; Temple, Matthew J.; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Harrison, Fiona; Powell, Meredith C.; Stern, Daniel; Urry, Meg; Sanders, David B.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8794

Title: BASS XXXII: Studying the Nuclear Millimeter-wave Continuum Emission of AGNs with ALMA at Scales ≲100–200 pc

Journal Article · Fri Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac8794· OSTI ID:1991593

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Univ. Diego Portales (Chile); National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (Japan)
Univ. Diego Portales (Chile); Peking Univ., Beijing (China)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (Japan); Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Japan)
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (Japan); Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Japan)
Univ. of Bologna (Italy); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Bologna (Italy); Roma Tre University (Italy)
Pontifica Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago (Chile); Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS) (Chile); Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO (United States)
Eureka Scientific, Oakland, CA (United States)
Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv (Israel)
Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan); Max Planck Inst. fuer Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching (Germany)
Univ. of Antofagasta (Chile)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Univ. College London (United Kingdom)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)
Eidgenoessische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Zurich (Switzerland); Argelander Institute for Astronomy (Germany)
Kagoshima University (Japan)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
Joint ALMA Observatory (Chile)
European Southern Observatory (Chile); European Southern Observatory (Germany)
George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA (United States)
National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA (United States); Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)
Univ. Diego Portales (Chile)
Kyoto Univ. (Japan)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology
Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States)

To understand the origin of nuclear (≲100 pc) millimeter-wave (mm-wave) continuum emission in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we systematically analyzed subarcsecond resolution Band-6 (211–275 GHz) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data of 98 nearby AGNs (z < 0.05) from the 70 month Swift/BAT catalog. The sample, almost unbiased for obscured systems, provides the largest number of AGNs to date with high mm-wave spatial resolution sampling (~1–200 pc), and spans broad ranges of 14–150 keV luminosity {$$40\lt \mathrm{log}[{L}_{14-150}/(\mathrm{erg}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1})]\lt 45$$}, black hole mass $$[5\lt \mathrm{log}({M}_{\mathrm{BH}}/{M}_{\odot })\lt 10$$], and Eddington ratio ($$-4\lt \mathrm{log}{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Edd}}\lt 2$$). We find a significant correlation between 1.3 mm (230 GHz) and 14–150 keV luminosities. Its scatter is ≈0.36 dex, and the mm-wave emission may serve as a good proxy of the AGN luminosity, free of dust extinction up to N_H ~ 10²⁶ cm^–2. While the mm-wave emission could be self-absorbed synchrotron radiation around the X-ray corona according to past works, we also discuss different possible origins of the mm-wave emission: AGN-related dust emission, outflow-driven shocks, and a small-scale (<200 pc) jet. The dust emission is unlikely to be dominant, as the mm-wave slope is generally flatter than expected. Also, due to no increase in the mm-wave luminosity with the Eddington ratio, a radiation-driven outflow model is possibly not the common mechanism. Furthermore, we find independence of the mm-wave luminosity on indicators of the inclination angle from the polar axis of the nuclear structure, which is inconsistent with a jet model whose luminosity depends only on the angle.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1991593

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 938, Issue 1; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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