BASS. XXXIII. Swift-BAT Blazars and Their Jets through Cosmic Time

Marcotulli, L.; Ajello, M.; Urry, C. M.; Paliya, V. S.; Koss, M.; Oh, K.; Madejski, G.; Ueda, Y.; Baloković, M.; Trakhtenbrot, B.; Ricci, F.; Ricci, C.; Stern, D.; Harrison, F.; Powell, M. C.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac937f

Title: BASS. XXXIII. Swift-BAT Blazars and Their Jets through Cosmic Time

Journal Article · Tue Nov 22 00:00:00 EST 2022 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac937f· OSTI ID:1991578

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Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Clemson Univ., SC (United States)
Clemson Univ., SC (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune (India)
Eureka Scientific, Oakland, CA (United States)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Kyoto Univ. (Japan)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology
Kyoto Univ. (Japan)
Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv (Israel)
Pontifica Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago (Chile)
Univ. Diego Portales (Chile); Peking Univ., Beijing (China); George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA (United States)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

We derive the most up-to-date Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) blazar luminosity function in the 14–195 keV range, making use of a clean sample of 118 blazars detected in the BAT 105 month survey catalog, with newly obtained redshifts from the BAT Active Galatic Nucleus Spectroscopic Survey. We determine the best-fit X-ray luminosity function for the whole blazar population, as well as for flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) alone. The main results are: (1) at any redshift, BAT detects the most luminous blazars, above any possible break in their luminosity distribution, which means we cannot differentiate between density and luminosity evolution; (2) the whole blazar population, dominated by FSRQs, evolves positively up to redshift z ~ 4.3, confirming earlier results and implying lower number densities of blazars at higher redshifts than previously estimated. The contribution of this source class to the cosmic X-ray background at 14–195 keV can range from 5%–18%, while possibly accounting for 100% of the MeV background. We also derived the average 14 keV–10 GeV spectral energy distribution for BAT blazars, which allows us to predict the number counts of sources in the MeV range, as well as the expected number of high-energy (>100 TeV) neutrinos. A mission like COSI will detect 40 MeV blazars, of which two may have coincident neutrino detections. Finally, taking into account beaming selection effects, the distribution and properties of the parent population of these extragalactic jets are derived. We find that the distribution of viewing angles is quite narrow, with most sources aligned within <5° of the line of sight. Moreover, the average Lorentz factor, $$\langle$$Γ$$\rangle$$ = 8–12, is lower than previously suggested for these powerful sources.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Contributing Organization:: BASS Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; 80NSSC20K0044; HST-HF2-51486.001-A; NAS5-26555

OSTI ID:: 1991578

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 940, Issue 1; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Hidden Cosmic-Ray Accelerators as an Origin of TeV-PeV Cosmic Neutrinos Murase, Kohta; Guetta, Dafne; Ahlers, Markus Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.071101	journal	February 2016
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Investigating the X-ray enhancements of highly radio-loud quasars at z > 4 Zhu, S. F.; Brandt, W. N.; Wu, Jianfeng Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2832	journal	October 2018
THE COSMIC EVOLUTION OF FERMI BL LACERTAE OBJECTS Ajello, M.; Romani, R. W.; Gasparrini, D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 780, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/73	journal	December 2013
Formation of supermassive black holes Volonteri, Marta The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, Vol. 18, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00159-010-0029-x	journal	April 2010
Gamma‐Ray Luminosity Function of Blazars and the Cosmic Gamma‐Ray Background: Evidence for the Luminosity‐Dependent Density Evolution Narumoto, Takuro; Totani, Tomonori The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 643, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/502708	journal	May 2006
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Beginning a Journey Across the Universe: The Discovery of Extragalactic Neutrino Factories Buson, Sara; Tramacere, Andrea; Pfeiffer, Leonard The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 933, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7d5b	journal	July 2022
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BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey. I. Spectral Measurements, Derived Quantities, and AGN Demographics Koss, Michael; Trakhtenbrot, Benny; Ricci, Claudio The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8ec9	journal	November 2017
The cosmological properties of AGN in the XMM-Newton Hard Bright Survey Della Ceca, R.; Caccianiga, A.; Severgnini, P. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 487, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20079319	journal	May 2008
NuSTAR Perspective on High-redshift MeV Blazars Marcotulli, L.; Paliya, V.; Ajello, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab65f5	journal	February 2020
THE CONTRIBUTION OF FERMI -2LAC BLAZARS TO DIFFUSE TEV–PEV NEUTRINO FLUX Aartsen, M. G.; Abraham, K.; Ackermann, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 835, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/45	journal	January 2017
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First constraints on the AGN X-ray luminosity function at z ~ 6 from an eROSITA-detected quasar Wolf, J.; Nandra, K.; Salvato, M. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 647 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039724	journal	February 2021
Cosmological Black Hole Spin Evolution by Mergers and Accretion Berti, Emanuele; Volonteri, Marta The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 684, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/590379	journal	September 2008

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