An experimentalist’s view of the uncertainties in understanding heavy element synthesis

Loveland, W.

doi:10.1140/epja/i2015-15120-2

An experimentalist’s view of the uncertainties in understanding heavy element synthesis

Journal Article · Mon Sep 28 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · European Physical Journal. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2015-15120-2· OSTI ID:1991534

Loveland, W. ^[1]

Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (United States); Oregon State University

The overall uncertainties in predicting heavy element synthesis cross sections are examined in terms of the uncertainties associated with the calculations of capture cross sections, fusion probabilities and survival probabilities. Here, the values of the capture cross sections are known within a factor of two, the uncertainty in the values of the survival probabilities is no less than an order of magnitude with similar uncertainties in the fusion probabilities. Canceling errors may reduce the uncertainty in the overall predicted cross sections although for the heaviest nuclei (Z = 119 -120), the uncertainties in the predicted cross sections are a few orders of magnitude

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014380

OSTI ID:: 1991534

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 22424606

Journal Information:: European Physical Journal. A, Journal Name: European Physical Journal. A Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 51; ISSN 1434-6001

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (52)

Dynamical aspects of nucleus-nucleus collisions Bjørnholm, S.; Swiatecki, W. J. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 391, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(82)90621-2	journal	December 1982
Dynamical hindrance to compound-nucleus formation in heavy-ion reactions Blocki, J. P.; Feldmeier, H.; Swiatecki, W. J. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 459, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(86)90061-8	journal	October 1986
Brownian motion in a field of force and the diffusion model of chemical reactions Kramers, H. A. Physica, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-8914(40)90098-2	journal	April 1940
Isotopic dependence of fusion cross sections in reactions with heavy nuclei Adamian, G. G.; Antonenko, N. V.; Scheid, W. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 678, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(00)00317-1	journal	September 2000
Fusion cross sections for superheavy nuclei in the dinuclear system concept Adamian, G. G.; Antonenko, N. V.; Scheid, W. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 633, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(98)00124-9	journal	April 1998
The processes of fusion-fission and quasi-fission of superheavy nuclei Itkis, M. G.; Bogachev, A. A.; Itkis, I. M. Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 787, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.12.026	journal	May 2007
Research at SHIP – status and perspectives Heinz, Sophie EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 38 https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20123801002	journal	January 2012
Modelling with uncertainties: The role of the fission barrier Lü, Hongliang; Boilley, David EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 62 https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20136203002	journal	January 2013
Study of heavy-ion induced fission for heavy-element synthesis Nishio, K.; Ikezoe, H.; Hofmann, S. EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 66 https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20146603065	journal	January 2014
The Peculiarities of the Production and Decay of Superheavy Nuclei Itkis, M. G. AIP Conference Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2338383	conference	January 2006
Fission-evaporation competition in excited uranium and fermium nuclei Sagaidak, R. N.; Chepigin, V. I.; Kabachenko, A. P. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 24, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/24/3/012	journal	March 1998
Benchmarking nuclear fission theory Bertsch, G. F.; Loveland, W.; Nazarewicz, W. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 42, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/42/7/077001	journal	May 2015
Production cross sections of the superheavy nucleus 117 based on the dinuclear system model Wei-Juan, Zhao; Yong-Qi, Zhang; Hua-Lei, Wang Chinese Physics C, Vol. 34, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/34/10/011	journal	October 2010
Investigation on the quasifission process by theoretical analysis of experimental data of fissionlike reaction products Giardina, G.; Nasirov, A. K.; Mandaglio, G. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 282 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/282/1/012006	journal	February 2011
Macroscopic model of rotating nuclei Sierk, Arnold J. Physical Review C, Vol. 33, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.33.2039	journal	June 1986
Fission and quasifission in U-induced reactions Shen, W. Q.; Albinski, J.; Gobbi, A. Physical Review C, Vol. 36, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.36.115	journal	July 1987
Synthesis of superheavy nuclei: How accurately can we describe it and calculate the cross sections? Zagrebaev, V. I.; Aritomo, Y.; Itkis, M. G. Physical Review C, Vol. 65, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.65.014607	journal	December 2001
Survival probability of superheavy nuclei Zubov, A.; Adamian, G.; Antonenko, N. Physical Review C, Vol. 65, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.65.024308	journal	January 2002
Characteristics of quasifission products within the dinuclear system model Adamian, G. G.; Antonenko, N. V.; Scheid, W. Physical Review C, Vol. 68, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.68.034601	journal	September 2003
Unexpected isotopic trends in synthesis of superheavy nuclei Adamian, G.; Antonenko, N.; Scheid, W. Physical Review C, Vol. 69, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.69.014607	journal	January 2004
Fusion by diffusion. II. Synthesis of transfermium elements in cold fusion reactions Świątecki, W. J.; Siwek-Wilczyńska, K.; Wilczyński, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 71, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.71.014602	journal	January 2005
Quasifission processes in Ca 40 , 48 + Sm 144 , 154 reactions Knyazheva, G. N.; Kozulin, E. M.; Sagaidak, R. N. Physical Review C, Vol. 75, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.75.064602	journal	June 2007
Synthesis of transactinide nuclei using radioactive beams Loveland, W. Physical Review C, Vol. 76, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.014612	journal	July 2007
Formation of superheavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions Feng, Zhao-Qing; Jin, Gen-Ming; Li, Jun-Qing Physical Review C, Vol. 76, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.044606	journal	October 2007
Measurement of the fusion probability P CN for the reaction of Ti 50 with Pb 208 Naik, R. S.; Loveland, W.; Sprunger, P. H. Physical Review C, Vol. 76, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.76.054604	journal	November 2007
Synthesis of superheavy nuclei: A search for new production reactions Zagrebaev, Valery; Greiner, Walter Physical Review C, Vol. 78, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.78.034610	journal	September 2008
Quasifission and fusion-fission in reactions with massive nuclei: Comparison of reactions leading to the Z = 120 element Nasirov, A. K.; Giardina, G.; Mandaglio, G. Physical Review C, Vol. 79, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.79.024606	journal	February 2009
Entrance channel dynamics of hot and cold fusion reactions leading to superheavy elements Umar, A. S.; Oberacker, V. E.; Maruhn, J. A. Physical Review C, Vol. 81, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.81.064607	journal	June 2010
Fission barriers for even-even superheavy nuclei Kowal, M.; Jachimowicz, P.; Sobiczewski, A. Physical Review C, Vol. 82, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.82.014303	journal	July 2010
Isospin dependence of capture cross sections: TheS36+Pb208reaction Yanez, R.; Loveland, W.; Vinodkumar, A. M. Physical Review C, Vol. 82, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.82.054615	journal	November 2010
Nucleus-nucleus cold fusion reactions analyzed with thel-dependent “fusion by diffusion” model Cap, T.; Siwek-Wilczyńska, K.; Wilczyński, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 83, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.83.054602	journal	May 2011
Calculation of the evaporation residue cross sections for the synthesis of the superheavy element Z = 119 via the 50 Ti+ 249 Bk hot fusion reaction Liu, Zu-Hua; Bao, Jing-Dong Physical Review C, Vol. 84, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.031602	journal	September 2011
Effects of the entrance channel and fission barrier in the synthesis of superheavy element Z = 120 Nasirov, A. K.; Mandaglio, G.; Giardina, G. Physical Review C, Vol. 84, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.044612	journal	October 2011
Systematics of fusion probability in “hot” fusion reactions Wang, Ning; Tian, Junlong; Scheid, Werner Physical Review C, Vol. 84, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.84.061601	journal	December 2011
Predictions of the fusion-by-diffusion model for the synthesis cross sections of Z = 114 –120 elements based on macroscopic-microscopic fission barriers Siwek-Wilczyńska, K.; Cap, T.; Kowal, M. Physical Review C, Vol. 86, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.86.014611	journal	July 2012
Investigation of the 48 Ca + 249 – 252 Cf reactions synthesizing isotopes of the superheavy element 118 Mandaglio, G.; Giardina, G.; Nasirov, A. K. Physical Review C, Vol. 86, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.86.064607	journal	December 2012
Measurement of the fusion probability, P CN , for hot fusion reactions Yanez, R.; Loveland, W.; Barrett, J. S. Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.88.014606	journal	July 2013
Mapping quasifission characteristics and timescales in heavy element formation reactions du Rietz, R.; Williams, E.; Hinde, D. J. Physical Review C, Vol. 88, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.88.054618	journal	November 2013
Production cross sections of superheavy elements Z = 119 and 120 in hot fusion reactions Zhu, Long; Xie, Wen-Jie; Zhang, Feng-Shou Physical Review C, Vol. 89, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.89.024615	journal	February 2014
Production cross sections of elements near the N = 126 shell in Ca 48 -induced reactions with Gd 154 , Tb 159 , Dy 162 , and Ho 165 targets Mayorov, D. A.; Werke, T. A.; Alfonso, M. C. Physical Review C, Vol. 90, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.90.024602	journal	August 2014
Fusion cross sections for reactions involving medium and heavy nucleus-nucleus systems Atta, Debasis; Basu, D. N. Physical Review C, Vol. 90, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.90.064622	journal	December 2014
Influence of the nuclear dynamical deformation on production cross sections of superheavy nuclei Bao, X. J.; Gao, Y.; Li, J. Q. Physical Review C, Vol. 91, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.011603	journal	January 2015
Fission Barriers of Compound Superheavy Nuclei Pei, J. C.; Nazarewicz, W.; Sheikh, J. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.192501	journal	May 2009
Measurement of the Survival Probabilities for Hot Fusion Reactions Yanez, R.; Loveland, W.; Yao, L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.152702	journal	April 2014
Interplay between Quantum Shells and Orientation in Quasifission Wakhle, A.; Simenel, C.; Hinde, D. J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.182502	journal	October 2014
The discovery of the heaviest elements Hofmann, S.; Münzenberg, G. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 72, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.72.733	journal	July 2000
A SCHEMATIC MODEL FOR ( p , xn ) CROSS SECTIONS IN HEAVY ELEMENTS Jackson, J. D. Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol. 34, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1139/p56-087	journal	August 1956
Feature of production of new superheavy nuclei in actinide-based complete-fusion reactions Adamian, G. G.; Antonenko, N. V.; Scheid, W. The European Physical Journal A, Vol. 41, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2009-10795-4	journal	June 2009
Role of mass Asymmetry in Fusion of Super-Heavy Nuclei Siwek-WilczyŃSka, K.; Skwira-Chalot, I.; WilczyŃSki, J. International Journal of Modern Physics E, Vol. 16, Issue 02 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218301307005910	journal	February 2007
Expectations and Limits to Synthesize Nuclei with z ≥ 120 Giardina, G.; Fazio, G.; Mandaglio, G. International Journal of Modern Physics E, Vol. 19, Issue 05n06 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218301310015333	journal	June 2010
Recent Progress in the Study of Fission Barriers in Covariant Density Functional Theory Afanasjev, A. V.; Abusara, H.; Ring, P. International Journal of Modern Physics E, Vol. 21, Issue 05 https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218301312500255	journal	May 2012
Fusion-fission of Superheavy Nuclei Itkis, M. G.; Bogatchev, A. A.; Itkis, I. M. Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.14494/jnrs2000.3.57	journal	January 2002

Cited By (1)

Shape evolution and collective dynamics of quasifission in TDHF Umar, A. S.; Oberacker, V. E.; Simenel, C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1506.06880	text	January 2015

Similar Records

Characterizing the mechanism(s) of heavy element synthesis reactions

Journal Article · Wed Nov 30 19:00:00 EST 2016 · EPJ Web of Conferences (Online) · OSTI ID:1991544

Survival-mediated capture and fusion cross sections for heavy-element synthesis

Journal Article · Thu Jan 18 19:00:00 EST 2018 · Physical Review. C · OSTI ID:1541021

Survival Mediated Heavy Element Capture Cross Sections

Journal Article · Tue Nov 21 19:00:00 EST 2017 · EPJ Web of Conferences (Online) · OSTI ID:1991548

Related Subjects

208Pb
38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
Barrier Height
Compound Nucleus
Fusion Reaction
Heavy Nucleus

An experimentalist’s view of the uncertainties in understanding heavy element synthesis

Citation Formats

References (52)

Cited By (1)

Similar Records

Related Subjects