High energy X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering measurements of hydrogen fatigue damage in AISI 4130 steel

Connolly, M. J.; Park, J-S; Almer, J.; Martin, M. L.; Amaro, R.; Bradley, P. E.; Lauria, D.; Slifka, A. J.

doi:10.1016/j.jpse.2022.100068

High energy X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering measurements of hydrogen fatigue damage in AISI 4130 steel

Journal Article · Sat Jun 04 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpse.2022.100068· OSTI ID:1991189

^[1]; Park, J-S ^[2]; Almer, J. ^[2]; ^[1]; Amaro, R. ^[3]; Bradley, P. E. ^[1]; Lauria, D. ^[1]; ^[1]

National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Advanced Materials Testing Technology (AMTT), Pell City, AL (United States)

Accurate lifetime predictions are critical for repurposing existing pipelines for hydrogen transmission as well as for developing novel steels which are minimally susceptible to lifetime degradation by hydrogen. Ultimately, lifetime prediction models assess the amount of damage a material undergoes during a typical service cycle and the cumulative damage a material can withstand prior to failure. However, not all damage processes are equal, and neither is the manner in which mechanical loading translates to damage the same when materials are in inert environments compared to in hydrogen environments. For example, in the three leading proposed mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement (Hydrogen-Enhanced Decohesion (HEDE), the Hydrogen-Enhanced Localized Plasticity (HELP), and the Nano-Void Coalescence (NVC)), hydrogen is proposed to enhance the manifestation of grain separation, dislocation generation/movement, and void coalescence, respectively. A full understanding of the damage modes requires a measurement capable of probing all three mechanisms at once. Here we present simultaneous High Energy X-ray Diffraction (HEXRD) and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) during fatiguing of steel in hydrogen. HEXRD measurements probe strain and dislocation density; SAXS measurements probe nano-pore generation and coalescence. We will discuss the differences in damage modes between steels fatigued in air and in hydrogen and the role these difference play in lifetime predictions.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1991189

Journal Information:: Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering, Journal Name: Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 2; ISSN 2667-1433

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
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High energy X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering measurements of hydrogen fatigue damage in AISI 4130 steel

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