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Title: Design and Application of Materials for Sequestration and Immobilization of 99Tc

Journal Article · · Environmental Science and Technology

99Technetium (99Tc) is a hazardous radionuclide generated by the nuclear industry that poses a serious environmental threat. The wide variation and complex chemistries of nuclear waste streams containing 99Tc often create unique, site specific challenges when sequestering and immobilizing the waste in a matrix suitable for long-term storage and disposal. Therefore, an effective management plan for 99Tc containing radioactive waste will likely require a variety of suitable materials/matrices capable of adapting to and addressing these challenges. In this review, we discuss and highlight the key developments for effective removal and immobilization of 99Tc in inorganic waste forms. Specifically, we review the synthesis, characterization, and application of materials for targeted removal of 99Tc from (simulated) waste solutions under various experimental conditions. These materials include: i) layered double hydroxides (LDHs), ii) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), iii) ion-exchange resins (IERs) as well as cationic organic polymers (COPs), and iv) surface modified natural clay materials (SMCMs). Secondly, we discuss some of the major and recent developments towards 99Tc immobilization in i) glass, ii) cement, and iii) iron mineral waste forms. Finally, we present future challenges that need to be addressed for the design, synthesis, and selection of suitable matrices for the efficient sequestration and immobilization of 99Tc from targeted wastes. Finally, the purpose of this review is to inspire the researches on the design and application of various suitable materials/matrices for selective removal of 99Tc present globally in different radioactive wastes and its immobilization in stable/durable waste forms.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; Korea Spent Nuclear Fuel (iKSNF); National Research Foundation, Korea (NRF); Ministry of Science and ICT, MSIT, Korea
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830; 2021M2E1A1085202
OSTI ID:
1989308
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-175772
Journal Information:
Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 57, Issue 17; ISSN 0013-936X
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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