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Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples

Journal Article · · Science
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  1. Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan); et al.
  2. Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
  3. NASA Johnson Space Center; Houston, TX 77058, USA.
  4. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
  5. Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
  6. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.; Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan.
  7. School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
  8. Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.
  9. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
  10. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
  11. Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
  12. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.; Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
  13. Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon 92195 France.; Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan.
  14. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
  15. Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.; Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.; Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China.
  16. Scattering and Imaging Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan.
  17. Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
  18. Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan.
  19. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
  20. Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
  21. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38205, Spain.
  22. Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
  23. Aizu Research Center for Space Informatics, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan.
  24. Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
  25. Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
  26. Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan.; Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
  27. Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai 319-1195, Japan.
  28. Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan.
  29. Institute of Geoscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
  30. Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, Ghent, Belgium.
  31. Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France.
  32. Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
  33. Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
  34. Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
  35. Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.
  36. Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-2116, Japan.
  37. Department of Earth Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.; Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
  38. Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.; School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
  39. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.; Department of Physics, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669-1330, Japan.
  40. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
  41. Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
  42. Department of Geoscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
  43. Materials Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan.
  44. Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
  45. Department of Earth Science, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
  46. Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
  47. Spectroscopy Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo 679-5198, Japan.
  48. Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.; Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan.
  49. Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
  50. Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
  51. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
  52. Department of Physics, California State University, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA.
  53. Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
  54. Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
  55. Institute for Planetary Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt, Rutherfordstraße 2 12489 Berlin, Germany.
  56. Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA.
  57. Department of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
  58. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8583, Japan.
  59. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
  60. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
  61. European Space Astronomy Centre, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain.
  62. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan.
  63. Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.; Institute of Materials Structure Science, High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan.; Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
  64. Hitachi, Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan.
  65. Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori 590-0494, Japan.
  66. National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan.
  67. Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
  68. Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan.
  69. High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tokai 319-1106, Japan.; Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan.
  70. Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  71. Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Rome 00133, Italy.
  72. Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France.; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
  73. Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon 92195 France.; Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
  74. Department of Physical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-0058, Japan.
  75. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.; Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
  76. Physical Sciences Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation, CA 90245, USA.
  77. Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China.; Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, CAS, Guangzhou 510640, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
  78. Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
  79. Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Photon Science, 22603 Hamburg, Germany.
  80. Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
  81. Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan.
  82. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris 75205, France.
  83. Division of Natural Sciences, International Christian University, Mitaka 181-8585, Japan.
  84. Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany.
  85. Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
  86. Optimized Light Source of Intermediate Energy to LURE (SOLEIL) L’Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette F-91192, France.
  87. Institut Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France.
  88. Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan.
  89. Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
  90. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
  91. Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
  92. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
  93. Department of Geology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
  94. Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
  95. Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
  96. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.
  97. Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.
  98. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.; Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka 237-0063, Japan.
  99. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.; Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
  100. Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
  101. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.
  102. Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama 240-0193, Japan.; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.
  103. Digital Architecture Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
  104. Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.
  105. JAXA Space Exploration Center, JAXA, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.
  106. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
  107. Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.; Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
  108. Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
  109. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
+ Show Author Affiliations
Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide–bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu’s parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed through aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios of <1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate that Ryugu’s parent body formed ~2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.
Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (KAKENHI); UK Research and Innovation (UKRI); European Research Council (ERC); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); DESY (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-06CH11357
OSTI ID:
1985998
Journal Information:
Science, Journal Name: Science Journal Issue: 6634 Vol. 379; ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher:
AAASCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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TomoPy: a framework for the analysis of synchrotron tomographic data journal August 2014
Optimizing X-ray mirror thermal performance using matched profile cooling journal August 2015
Minor elements in forsterites of Orgueil (C1), Alais (C1) and two interplanetary dust particles compared to C2-C3-UOC forsterites journal December 1990
A terrestrial origin for sulfate veins in CI1 chondrites journal October 2001
Modal mineralogy of carbonaceous chondrites by X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy journal January 2004
Thermodynamic constraints on fayalite formation on parent bodies of chondrites journal November 2006
Al-Mg isotopic evidence for episodic alteration of Ca-Al-rich inclusions from Allende journal August 2007
Validation of numerical codes for impact and explosion cratering: Impacts on strengthless and metal targets journal December 2008
Magnetic classification of stony meteorites: 2. Non-ordinary chondrites journal May 2008
Ion microprobe analyses of oxygen three-isotope ratios of chondrules from the Sayh al Uhaymir 290 CH chondrite using a multiple-hole disk journal May 2011
Density, porosity, and magnetic susceptibility of carbonaceous chondrites: Physical properties of carbonaceous chondrites journal November 2011
Nature and degree of aqueous alteration in CM and CI carbonaceous chondrites journal August 2013
Carbonate abundances and isotopic compositions in chondrites journal January 2015
Microstructural evidence for complex formation histories of amoeboid olivine aggregates from the ALHA77307 CO3.0 chondrite journal April 2015
Heterogeneous histories of Ni-bearing pyrrhotite and pentlandite grains in the CI chondrites Orgueil and Alais journal October 2016
The surprising thermal properties of CM carbonaceous chondrites journal August 2020
Apatite halogen and hydrogen isotope constraints on the conditions of hydrothermal alteration in carbonaceous chondrites journal March 2021
Developments in synchrotron x-ray computed microtomography at the National Synchrotron Light Source
  • Dowd, Betsy A.; Campbell, Graham H.; Marr, Robert B.
  • SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, SPIE Proceedings https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363725
conference September 1999
Discovery of fossil asteroidal ice in primitive meteorite Acfer 094 journal November 2019
Discovery of primitive CO2-bearing fluid in an aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrite journal April 2021
Chondrulelike Objects in Short-Period Comet 81P/Wild 2 journal September 2008
Itokawa Dust Particles: A Direct Link Between S-Type Asteroids and Ordinary Chondrites journal August 2011
The Absolute Chronology and Thermal Processing of Solids in the Solar Protoplanetary Disk journal November 2012
Phyllosilicate Absorption Features in Main-Belt and Outer-Belt Asteroid Reflectance Spectra journal November 1989
Chemically Anomalous, Preaccretionally Irradiated Grains in Interplanetary Dust from Comets journal August 1994
Lifetime of the solar nebula constrained by meteorite paleomagnetism journal February 2017
The surface composition of asteroid 162173 Ryugu from Hayabusa2 near-infrared spectroscopy journal April 2019
Hayabusa2 arrives at the carbonaceous asteroid 162173 Ryugu—A spinning top–shaped rubble pile journal April 2019
The geomorphology, color, and thermal properties of Ryugu: Implications for parent-body processes journal April 2019
Ammonium salts are a reservoir of nitrogen on a cometary nucleus and possibly on some asteroids journal March 2020
An artificial impact on the asteroid (162173) Ryugu formed a crater in the gravity-dominated regime journal April 2020
Sample collection from asteroid (162173) Ryugu by Hayabusa2: Implications for surface evolution journal May 2020
Widespread carbon-bearing materials on near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu journal November 2020
Pebbles and sand on asteroid (162173) Ryugu: In situ observation and particles returned to Earth journal March 2022
Samples returned from the asteroid Ryugu are similar to Ivuna-type carbonaceous meteorites journal June 2022
The Chemical Composition of Comets—Emerging Taxonomies and Natal Heritage journal September 2011
Mössbauer spectroscopy of phyllosilicates: effects of fitting models on recoil-free fractions and redox ratios journal March 2008
Chlorite and chloritization processes through mixed-layer mineral series in low-temperature geological systems – a review journal September 2015
Shock equation of state of basalt journal September 2008
The dielectric constant of sandstones, 60 kHz to 4 MHz journal May 1987
Review of the vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications journal April 2005
Phase relations involving pyrrhotite below 350 degrees C journal November 1982
Trace element inventory of meteoritic Ca-phosphates journal September 2017
Investigation of smectite hydration properties by modeling experimental X-ray diffraction patterns: Part I. Montmorillonite hydration properties journal August 2005
SALE: a simplified ALE computer program for fluid flow at all speeds report June 1980
Structure refinement of prehnite from Passaic County, New Jersey, USA journal January 2021
The Influence Mechanism of Freeze-Thaw on Soil Erosion: A Review journal April 2021
Mesoscale Modeling of Impact Compaction of Primitive Solar System Solids journal April 2016
Sintering-Induced dust ring Formation in Protoplanetary Disks: Application to the hl tau disk journal April 2016
Nanoindenting the Chelyabinsk Meteorite to Learn about Impact Deflection Effects in asteroids journal January 2017
The Effect of Jupiter's Formation on the Distribution of Refractory Elements and Inclusions in Meteorites journal September 2018
Implantation of Martian Materials in the Inner Solar System by a Mega Impact on Mars journal April 2018
Thermal evolution of icy planetesimals in the solar nebula journal December 2011

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79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS