Progress and outlook of Sn–Pb mixed perovskite solar cells

Lee, Hyemin; Kang, Seok Beom; Lee, Sangwook; Zhu, Kai; Kim, Dong Hoe

doi:10.1186/s40580-023-00371-9

Title: Progress and outlook of Sn–Pb mixed perovskite solar cells

Journal Article · Fri Jun 16 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Nano Convergence

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40580-023-00371-9· OSTI ID:1985527

Lee, Hyemin; Kang, Seok Beom; Lee, Sangwook; Zhu, Kai;

Abstract Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have revolutionized solar cell research owing to their excellent material properties. Most previous research has been done on Pb-based perovskites. Recently, efforts to discover a Pb-free or Pb-less perovskite material with an ideal bandgap ranging 1.1–1.3 eV have led researchers to investigate Sn–Pb mixed perovskites. Sn–Pb mixed perovskites have a bandgap of ~ 1.25 eV, which is suitable for high-efficiency single-junction and perovskite/perovskite tandem solar cells. Moreover, the Pb content of Sn–Pb mixed perovskites is 50–60% lower than that of Pb-based perovskites, partially mitigating the Pb toxicity issue. However, incorporating Sn ²⁺ into the crystal structure also causes various drawbacks, such as inhomogeneous thin film morphologies, easy oxidation of Sn ²⁺ , and more vulnerable surface properties. Researchers have made substantial progress in addressing these challenges through improvements in compositional design, structural optimization, precursor design, and surface treatments. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the progress in Sn–Pb mixed perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, we analyze the key variables and trends as well as provide an outlook for future directions in the research on Sn–Pb mixed perovskites. Graphical Abstract

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korea Electric Power Corporation; Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; 2019R1A2C1084010; R20XO02-1; 20214000000680

OSTI ID:: 1985527

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1987281

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5900-86225; 27; PII: 371

Journal Information:: Nano Convergence, Journal Name: Nano Convergence Vol. 10 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 2196-5404

Publisher:: Springer Science + Business MediaCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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Title: Progress and outlook of Sn–Pb mixed perovskite solar cells

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