Removal of impurity Metals as Phosphates from Lithium-ion Battery leachates

Klaehn, John R.; Shi, Meng; Aldana Diaz, Luis A.; Molina Montes de Oca, Daniel Ernesto; Reich, Sabrina M.; Palasyuk, Olena; Repukaiti, Reyixiati; Lister, Tedd E.

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2023.106041

Removal of impurity Metals as Phosphates from Lithium-ion Battery leachates

Journal Article · Sat Feb 18 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Hydrometallurgy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2023.106041· OSTI ID:1985484

^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Reich, Sabrina M. ^[1]; Palasyuk, Olena ^[2]; Repukaiti, Reyixiati ^[1]; ^[1]

Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Ames Laboratory (AMES), Ames, IA (United States)

Recovery of critical materials from end-of life (EOL) lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is gaining interest as demands for materials grows. Hydrometallurgical processes start with an intermediate product known as black mass which contains critical materials of interest (Co, Ni, Li, and graphite) as well as impurities such as Cu, Al, and Fe. These impurities are deleterious to downstream separation processes, as well as impact functionality of the final products. Here, these impurities effectively compete with most solvent extraction (SX) and metal recovery processes to diminish the overall yields of the desired materials. In this work, a process flowsheet is presented where a previously reported electrochemical leaching (ECL) process is followed by selective precipitation using diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) to remove Cu, Al, and Fe from LIB leachate solutions. The electrochemical leach process removes Cu and produces a pH-adjusted leachate, ca. pH 2, without requiring an extra Cu extraction step. The addition of the precipitant DAP to leachate by slightly adjusting the pH to 3–4 at 45 °C, precipitates 95–99% of Al and Fe as their phosphates and the leachate retains >95% of Co, Ni and Li. After the filtration of phosphate impurities, the solution is ready for further processing, such as SX. As an unexpected result from the leachate processing, 20–30% of the Ni and Co co-crystalize as the double salt after cooling to room temperature, which could provide a shorter route to their recovery.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Advanced Materials & Manufacturing Office (AMMTO)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC07-05ID14517

OSTI ID:: 1985484

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1959398

Report Number(s):: INL/JOU-22-66863-Rev001

Journal Information:: Hydrometallurgy, Journal Name: Hydrometallurgy Vol. 217; ISSN 0304-386X

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Aluminum phosphate
Critical materials
Diammonium phosphate
Double salts
Impurity metals
Iron phosphate
Leachate
Lithium ion battery
Lithium-ion battery leachate
Metal impurities removal
Phosphate
Precipitation

Removal of impurity Metals as Phosphates from Lithium-ion Battery leachates

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