Surface Equilibration Mechanism Controls the Stability of a Model Codeposited Glass Mixture of Organic Semiconductors

Cheng, Shinian; Lee, Yejung; Yu, Junguang; Yu, Lian; Ediger, M. D.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00728

Title: Surface Equilibration Mechanism Controls the Stability of a Model Codeposited Glass Mixture of Organic Semiconductors

Journal Article · Tue May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00728· OSTI ID:1985303

^[1]; Lee, Yejung ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]

University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

While previous work has identified the conditions for preparing ultrastable single-component organic glasses by physical vapor deposition (PVD), little is known about the stability of codeposited mixtures. Here, we prepared binary PVD glasses of organic semiconductors, TPD (N,N'-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine) and m-MTDATA (4,4',4"-Tris[phenyl(m-tolyl)amino]triphenylamine), with a 50:50 mass concentration over a wide range of substrate temperatures (T_sub). The enthalpy and kinetic stability are evaluated with differential scanning calorimetry and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Binary organic semiconductor glasses with exceptional thermodynamic and kinetic stability comparable to the most stable single-component organic glasses are obtained when deposited at T_sub = 0.78–0.90T_g (where T_g is the conventional glass transition temperature). When deposited at 0.94T_g, the enthalpy of the m-MTDATA/TPD glass equals that expected for the equilibrium liquid at that temperature. Thus, the surface equilibration mechanism previously advanced for single-component PVD glasses is also applicable for these codeposited glasses. Furthermore, these results provide an avenue for designing high-performance organic electronic devices.

This content will become publicly available on Thu May 02 00:00:00 EDT 2024

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0002161; AC02-76SF00515; DMR-1720415

OSTI ID:: 1985303

Journal Information:: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 14, Issue 18; ISSN 1948-7185

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (44)

Ultrastable monodisperse polymer glass formed by physical vapour deposition Raegen, Adam N.; Yin, Junjie; Zhou, Qi Nature Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0723-7	journal	July 2020
Crystallization of organic thin films for electroluminescent devices Han, Eun-Mi; Do, Lee-Mi; Yamamoto, Noritaka Thin Solid Films, Vol. 273, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(95)06782-5	journal	February 1996
Surface Self-Diffusion of Organic Glasses Brian, Caleb W.; Yu, Lian The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 117, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp404944s	journal	August 2013
Understanding and predicting the orientation of heteroleptic phosphors in organic light-emitting materials Jurow, Matthew J.; Mayr, Christian; Schmidt, Tobias D. Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4428	journal	October 2015
Surface diffusion of a glassy discotic organic semiconductor and the surface mobility gradient of molecular glasses Li, Yuhui; Bishop, Camille; Cui, Kai The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 156, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0079890	journal	March 2022
Improved Thermal Stability and Operational Lifetime of Blue Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by Using a Mixed-Electron Transporting Layer Ki, Min Seok; Sim, Myungsun; Kwon, Ohyun ACS Materials Letters, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.2c00583	journal	August 2022
Ultrastable glasses portray similar behaviour to ordinary glasses at high pressure Rodríguez-Tinoco, C.; González-Silveira, M.; Barrio, M. Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34296	journal	October 2016
Using 20-million-year-old amber to test the super-Arrhenius behaviour of glass-forming systems Zhao, Jing; Simon, Sindee L.; McKenna, Gregory B. Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2809	journal	April 2013
Amorphous pharmaceutical solids: preparation, characterization and stabilization Yu, Lian Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Vol. 48, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-409X(01)00098-9	journal	May 2001
Ideal copolymers and the second-order transitions of synthetic rubbers. i. non-crystalline copolymers Gordon, Manfred; Taylor, James S. Journal of Applied Chemistry, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010020901	journal	September 1952
Process Engineered Spontaneous Orientation Polarization in Organic Light-Emitting Devices He, Siliang; Pakhomenko, Evgeny; Holmes, Russell J. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c17960	journal	December 2022
Local mechanical properties of an ultrastable metallic glass Dziuba, Thomas; Luo, Yuansu; Samwer, Konrad Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 32, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/ab8aa2	journal	May 2020
Sub–turn-on exciton quenching due to molecular orientation and polarization in organic light-emitting devices Bangsund, John S.; Van Sambeek, Jack R.; Concannon, Nolan M. Science Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb2659	journal	August 2020
Tenfold increase in the photostability of an azobenzene guest in vapor-deposited glass mixtures Qiu, Yue; Antony, Lucas W.; Torkelson, John M. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 149, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5052003	journal	November 2018
Degradation Mechanisms and Reactions in Organic Light-Emitting Devices Scholz, Sebastian; Kondakov, Denis; Lüssem, Björn Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400704v	journal	July 2015
Using tobacco mosaic virus to probe enhanced surface diffusion of molecular glasses Zhang, Yue; Potter, Richard; Zhang, William Soft Matter, Vol. 12, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6SM01566B	journal	January 2016
Glasses denser than the supercooled liquid Jin, Yi; Zhang, Aixi; Wolf, Sarah E. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2100738118	journal	July 2021
Properties of model atomic free-standing thin films Shi, Zane; Debenedetti, Pablo G.; Stillinger, Frank H. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 134, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3565480	journal	March 2011
Two-Level Systems and Boson Peak Remain Stable in 110-Million-Year-Old Amber Glass Pérez-Castañeda, Tomás; Jiménez-Riobóo, Rafael J.; Ramos, Miguel A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.165901	journal	April 2014
Macroscopic facilitation of glassy relaxation kinetics: Ultrastable glass films with frontlike thermal response Léonard, Sébastien; Harrowell, Peter The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 133, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3511721	journal	December 2010
Identification of the Key Parameters for Horizontal Transition Dipole Orientation in Fluorescent and TADF Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Tenopala‐Carmona, Francisco; Lee, Oliver S.; Crovini, Ettore Advanced Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202100677	journal	August 2021
Organic Glasses with Exceptional Thermodynamic and Kinetic Stability Swallen, S. F.; Kearns, K. L.; Mapes, M. K. Science, Vol. 315, Issue 5810 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1135795	journal	January 2007
Surface Self-Diffusion of an Organic Glass Zhu, L.; Brian, C. W.; Swallen, S. F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.256103	journal	June 2011
Highly Stable Vapor-Deposited Glasses of Four Tris-naphthylbenzene Isomers Dawson, Kevin; Zhu, Lei; Kopff, Laura A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/jz201174m	journal	October 2011
High-performance organic light-emitting diodes comprising ultrastable glass layers Ràfols-Ribé, Joan; Will, Paul-Anton; Hänisch, Christian Science Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar8332	journal	May 2018
Hiking down the Energy Landscape: Progress Toward the Kauzmann Temperature via Vapor Deposition Kearns, Kenneth L.; Swallen, Stephen F.; Ediger, M. D. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 112, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp7113384	journal	April 2008
Analyzing degradation effects of organic light-emitting diodes via transient optical and electrical measurements Schmidt, Tobias D.; Jäger, Lars; Noguchi, Yutaka Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 117, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4921829	journal	June 2015
On the surface of glasses Stevenson, Jacob D.; Wolynes, Peter G. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 129, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3041651	journal	December 2008
Increased stability of CuZrAl metallic glasses prepared by physical vapor deposition Bokas, G. B.; Zhao, L.; Morgan, D. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 728 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.068	journal	December 2017
Tunable molecular orientation and elevated thermal stability of vapor-deposited organic semiconductors Dalal, Shakeel S.; Walters, Diane M.; Lyubimov, Ivan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421042112	journal	March 2015
Glass: The Carrier of Light ‐ A Brief History of Optical Fiber Ballato, John; Dragic, Peter International Journal of Applied Glass Science, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijag.12239	journal	October 2016
Substrate temperature controls molecular orientation in two-component vapor-deposited glasses Jiang, J.; Walters, D. M.; Zhou, D. Soft Matter, Vol. 12, Issue 13, p. 3265-3270 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6SM00262E	journal	January 2016
Highly Stable Glasses of cis -Decalin and cis / trans -Decalin Mixtures Whitaker, Katherine R.; Scifo, Daniel J.; Ediger, M. D. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 117, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp400960g	journal	June 2013
Highly efficient, single-layer organic light-emitting devices based on a graded-composition emissive layer Erickson, Nicholas C.; Holmes, Russell J. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3481426	journal	August 2010
Influence of Molecular Shape on the Thermal Stability and Molecular Orientation of Vapor-Deposited Organic Semiconductors Walters, Diane M.; Antony, Lucas; de Pablo, Juan J. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 14, p. 3380-3386 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01097	journal	July 2017
Physical Aging in Polymer Glasses Hodge, I. M. Science, Vol. 267, Issue 5206 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5206.1945	journal	March 1995
Ultrastable metallic glasses formed on cold substrates Luo, P.; Cao, C. R.; Zhu, F. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03656-4	journal	April 2018
Vapor-deposited organic glasses exhibit enhanced stability against photodegradation Qiu, Yue; Dalal, Shakeel S.; Ediger, M. D. Soft Matter, Vol. 14, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SM00183A	journal	January 2018
Highly stable glasses of celecoxib: Influence on thermo-kinetic properties, microstructure and response towards crystal growth Rodríguez-Tinoco, C.; Gonzalez-Silveira, M.; Ràfols-Ribé, J. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Vol. 407 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2014.07.031	journal	January 2015
Charge Carrier Transporting Molecular Materials and Their Applications in Devices Shirota, Yasuhiko; Kageyama, Hiroshi Chemical Reviews, Vol. 107, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr050143+	journal	April 2007
Isolating Degradation Mechanisms in Mixed Emissive Layer Organic Light-Emitting Devices Bangsund, John S.; Hershey, Kyle W.; Holmes, Russell J. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b16643	journal	February 2018
Character of Devitrification, Viewed from Enthalpic Paths, of the Vapor-Deposited Ethylbenzene Glasses Ramos, Sergio Luis L. M.; Oguni, Masaharu; Ishii, Kikujiro The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 115, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp203612s	journal	December 2011
Photostability Can Be Significantly Modulated by Molecular Packing in Glasses Qiu, Yue; Antony, Lucas W.; de Pablo, Juan J. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 35, p. 11282-11289 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b06372	journal	August 2016
Ultrastable Metallic Glass Yu, Hai-Bin; Luo, Yuansu; Samwer, Konrad Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201302700	journal	August 2013

Similar Records

Structural Characterization of Vapor-Deposited Glasses of an Organic Hole Transport Material with X-ray Scattering

Journal Article · Tue Apr 28 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Chemistry of Materials · OSTI ID:1985303

Gujral, Ankit; O’Hara, Kathryn A.; Toney, Michael F.; +2 more

Thermal stability of vapor-deposited stable glasses of an organic semiconductor

Journal Article · Tue Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Chemical Physics · OSTI ID:1985303

Walters, Diane M.; Richert, Ranko

Orientational anisotropy in simulated vapor-deposited molecular glasses

Journal Article · Mon Sep 07 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Chemical Physics · OSTI ID:1985303

Lyubimov, Ivan; Antony, Lucas; Walters, Diane M.; +3 more

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Amorphous materials
Deposition
Mixtures
Physical vapor deposition
Stability

Title: Surface Equilibration Mechanism Controls the Stability of a Model Codeposited Glass Mixture of Organic Semiconductors

Citation Formats

References (44)

Similar Records

Related Subjects