Anisotropic spall failure of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

Lamb, K.; Koube, K.; Kacher, J.; Sloop, T.; Thadhani, N.; Babu, S. S.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2023.103464

Anisotropic spall failure of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel

Journal Article · Thu Feb 23 23:00:00 EST 2023 · Additive Manufacturing

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2023.103464· OSTI ID:1984432

Lamb, K. ^[1]; Koube, K. ^[2]; Kacher, J. ^[2]; Sloop, T. ^[2]; Thadhani, N. ^[2]; Babu, S. S. ^[3]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Y-12 National Security Complex, Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). Georgia Tech Research Institute
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

The dynamic high strain rate tensile (spall) failure of additively manufactured (AM) materials is an area of great interest but much less understood than material failure under other loading regimes. The research presented here examines the effects of microstructure anisotropy in 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) on its spall failure and properties. In this work, plate-on-plate impact experiments were performed using an 80-mm gas gun to investigate the spall behavior of AM fabricated sample discs with impact along the perpendicular and parallel orientations relative to build directions. Experiments were also performed on wrought 316L stainless steel as baseline material with uniform equiaxed grain microstructure for comparison with the AM material of same composition. The spall experiments involved free-surface velocity profiles measured using Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) to capture the spall pull-back signals, combined with post-mortem analysis of the microstructure of soft-recovered impacted samples. In the case of AM samples, spall failure initiated preferentially at melt pool boundaries in both impact directions. The spall plane location and spall strength, however, were both heavily influenced by the orientation of the impact direction relative to the build direction in the AM samples. The spall behavior is also observed to be more complex in the samples impacted perpendicular to the build (through-thickness) direction, due in large part to the orientation of the microstructural features such as melt pool boundaries, laser scan tracks, and general grain morphology.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant (Y-12), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC, Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0001942; AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1984432

Report Number(s):: IROS75341

Journal Information:: Additive Manufacturing, Journal Name: Additive Manufacturing Vol. 66; ISSN 2214-8604

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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