Measurement-induced entanglement phase transitions in variational quantum circuits

Wiersema, Roeland; Zhou, Cunlu; Carrasquilla, Juan Felipe; Kim, Yong Baek

doi:10.21468/SciPostPhys.14.6.147

Measurement-induced entanglement phase transitions in variational quantum circuits

Journal Article · Thu Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · SciPost Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.21468/SciPostPhys.14.6.147· OSTI ID:1984299

Wiersema, Roeland ^[1]; Zhou, Cunlu ^[2]; Carrasquilla, Juan Felipe ^[3]; Kim, Yong Baek ^[4]

University of Waterloo, Vector Institute
University of Toronto, Vector Institute, University of New Mexico
University of Toronto, University of Waterloo, Vector Institute
University of Toronto

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), which classically optimize a parametrized quantum circuit to solve a computational task, promise to advance our understanding of quantum many-body systems and improve machine learning algorithms using near-term quantum computers. Prominent challenges associated with this family of quantum-classical hybrid algorithms are the control of quantum entanglement and quantum gradients linked to their classical optimization. Known as the barren plateau phenomenon, these quantum gradients may rapidly vanish in the presence of volume-law entanglement growth, which poses a serious obstacle to the practical utility of VQAs. Inspired by recent studies of measurement-induced entanglement transition in random circuits, we investigate the entanglement transition in variational quantum circuits endowed with intermediate projective measurements. Considering the Hamiltonian Variational Ansatz (HVA) for the XXZ model and the Hardware Efficient Ansatz (HEA), we observe a measurement-induced entanglement transition from volume-law to area-law with increasing measurement rate. Moreover, we provide evidence that the transition belongs to the same universality class of random unitary circuits. Importantly, the transition coincides with a “landscape transition” from severe to mild/no barren plateaus in the classical optimization. Our work may provide an avenue for improving the trainability of quantum circuits by incorporating intermediate measurement protocols in currently available quantum hardware.

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Research Organization:: National Quantum Information Science (QIS) Research Centers (United States). Quantum Systems Accelerator (QSA)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1984299

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2423173

Journal Information:: SciPost Physics, Journal Name: SciPost Physics Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 14; ISSN 2542-4653

Publisher:: Stichting SciPostCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Netherlands

Language:: English

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