Contribution of Gaia Sausage to the Galactic Stellar Halo Revealed by K Giants and Blue Horizontal Branch Stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and Gaia

Wu, Wenbo; Zhao, Gang; Xue, Xiang-Xiang; Bird, Sarah A.; Yang, Chengqun

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac31ac

Contribution of Gaia Sausage to the Galactic Stellar Halo Revealed by K Giants and Blue Horizontal Branch Stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and Gaia

Journal Article · Thu Jan 06 00:00:00 EST 2022 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac31ac· OSTI ID:1983203

^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
China Three Gorges University (China); Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai (China)

We explore the contribution of the Gaia Sausage to the stellar halo of the Milky Way by making use of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and applying it to halo star samples of Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope K giants, Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration K giants, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey blue horizontal branch stars. The GMM divides the stellar halo into two parts, of which one represents a more metal-rich and highly radially biased component associated with an ancient, head-on collision referred to as the Gaia Sausage, and the other one is a more metal-poor and isotropic halo. A symmetric bimodal Gaussian is used to describe the distribution of spherical velocity of the Gaia Sausage, and we find that the mean absolute radial velocity of the two lobes decreases with the Galactocentric radius. We find that the Gaia Sausage contributes about 41%–74% of the inner (Galactocentric radius r_gc < 30 kpc) stellar halo. The fraction of stars of the Gaia Sausage starts to decline beyond r_gc ~ 25–30 kpc, and the outer halo is found to be significantly less influenced by the Gaia Sausage than the inner halo. After the removal of halo substructures found by integrals of motion, the contribution of the Gaia Sausage falls slightly within r_gc ~ 25 kpc but is still as high as 30%–63%. Finally, we select several possible Sausage-related substructures consisting of stars on highly eccentric orbits. The GMM/Sausage component agrees well with the selected substructure stars in their chemodynamical properties, which increases our confidence in the reliability of the GMM fits.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Sponsoring Organization:: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC)

OSTI ID:: 1983203

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 924; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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