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First-Principles Calculations of the Structural, Electronic, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of 21 Pyrophosphate Crystals

Journal Article · · Crystals
 [1];  [2];  [2]
  1. Al Muthanna Univ., Samawah (Iraq); Univ. of Missouri, Kansas City, MO (United States)
  2. Al Muthanna Univ., Samawah (Iraq)

Pyrophosphate crystals have a wide array of applications in industrial and biomedical fields. However, fundamental understanding of their electronic structure, optical, and mechanical properties is still scattered and incomplete. In the present research, we report a comprehensive theoretical investigation of 21 pyrophosphates A2M (H2P2O7)2•2H2O with either triclinic or orthorhombic crystal structure. The molecule H2P2O7 is the dominant molecular unit, whereas A = (K, Rb, NH4, Tl), M = (Zn, Cu, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn), and H2O stand for the cation elements, transition metals, and the water molecules, respectively. The electronic structure, interatomic bonding, partial charge distribution, optical properties, and mechanical properties are investigated by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). Most of these 21 crystals are theoretically investigated for the first time. The calculated results show a complex interplay between A, M, H2P2O7, and H2O, resulting in either metallic, half-metallic, or semi-conducting characteristics. The novel concept of total bond order density (TBOD) is used as a single quantum mechanical metric to characterize the internal cohesion of these crystals to correlate with the calculated properties, especially the mechanical properties. This work provides a large database for pyrophosphate crystals and a road map for potential applications of a wider variety of phosphates.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; AC03-76SF00098
OSTI ID:
1983106
Journal Information:
Crystals, Journal Name: Crystals Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 12; ISSN CRYSBC; ISSN 2073-4352
Publisher:
MDPICopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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