Spin-orbit–driven ferromagnetism at half moiré filling in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene

Lin, Jiang-Xiazi; Zhang, Ya-Hui; Morissette, Erin; Wang, Zhi; Liu, Song; Rhodes, Daniel; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Hone, James; Li, J. I. A.

doi:10.1126/science.abh2889

Spin-orbit–driven ferromagnetism at half moiré filling in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene

Journal Article · Thu Jan 06 04:00:00 EST 2022 · Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abh2889· OSTI ID:1982952

^[1]; Zhang, Ya-Hui ^[2]; Morissette, Erin ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[3]; Rhodes, Daniel ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[4]; ^[3]; ^[1]

Brown University, Providence, RI (United States)
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (United States)
Columbia University, New York, NY (United States)
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)

Strong electron correlation and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) can have a profound influence on the electronic properties of materials. We examined their combined influence on a two-dimensional electronic system at the atomic interface between magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene and a tungsten diselenide crystal. We found that strong electron correlation within the moiré flatband stabilizes correlated insulating states at both quarter and half filling, and that SOC transforms these Mott-like insulators into ferromagnets, as evidenced by a robust anomalous Hall effect with hysteretic switching behavior. The coupling between spin and valley degrees of freedom could be demonstrated through control of the magnetic order with an in-plane magnetic field or a perpendicular electric field. Our findings establish an experimental knob to engineer topological properties of moiré bands in twisted bilayer graphene and related systems.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); National Science Foundation (NSF); Medical Research Institute Sri Lanka (MRI)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 1982952

Journal Information:: Science, Journal Name: Science Journal Issue: 6579 Vol. 375; ISSN 0036-8075

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (45)

The Oceanic Languages, Their Grammatical Structure, Vocabulary and Origin C., W.; MacDonald, D. Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, Vol. 40, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2307/197531	journal	January 1908
Evidence of Orbital Ferromagnetism in Twisted Bilayer Graphene Aligned to Hexagonal Boron Nitride Sharpe, Aaron L.; Fox, Eli J.; Barnard, Arthur W. Nano Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00696	journal	May 2021
Correlated insulator behaviour at half-filling in magic-angle graphene superlattices Cao, Yuan; Fatemi, Valla; Demir, Ahmet Nature, Vol. 556, Issue 7699 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature26154	journal	March 2018
Unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle graphene superlattices Cao, Yuan; Fatemi, Valla; Fang, Shiang Nature, Vol. 556, Issue 7699 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature26160	journal	March 2018
Spin–orbit proximity effect in graphene Avsar, A.; Tan, J. Y.; Taychatanapat, T. Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5875	journal	September 2014
Strong interface-induced spin–orbit interaction in graphene on WS2 Wang, Zhe; Ki, Dong–Keun; Chen, Hua Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9339	journal	September 2015
Topological insulators in Bi₂Se₃, Bi₂Te₃ and Sb₂Te₃ with a single Dirac cone on the surface Zhang, Haijun; Liu, Chao-Xing; Qi, Xiao-Liang Nature Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 6, p. 438-442 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1270	journal	May 2009
Visualization of moiré superlattices McGilly, Leo J.; Kerelsky, Alexander; Finney, Nathan R. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 15, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0708-3	journal	June 2020
Even-denominator fractional quantum Hall states at an isospin transition in monolayer graphene Zibrov, A. A.; Spanton, E. M.; Zhou, H. Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0190-0	journal	July 2018
Electrically tunable correlated and topological states in twisted monolayer–bilayer graphene Chen, Shaowen; He, Minhao; Zhang, Ya-Hui Nature Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-01062-6	journal	October 2020
Moiré heterostructures as a condensed-matter quantum simulator Kennes, Dante M.; Claassen, Martin; Xian, Lede Nature Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-01154-3	journal	February 2021
Independent superconductors and correlated insulators in twisted bilayer graphene Saito, Yu; Ge, Jingyuan; Watanabe, Kenji Nature Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-0928-3	journal	June 2020
Spin–orbit-driven band inversion in bilayer graphene by the van der Waals proximity effect Island, J. O.; Cui, X.; Lewandowski, C. Nature, Vol. 571, Issue 7763 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1304-2	journal	June 2019
Superconductors, orbital magnets and correlated states in magic-angle bilayer graphene Lu, Xiaobo; Stepanov, Petr; Yang, Wei Nature, Vol. 574, Issue 7780 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1695-0	journal	October 2019
Tunable correlated Chern insulator and ferromagnetism in a moiré superlattice Chen, Guorui; Sharpe, Aaron L.; Fox, Eli J. Nature, Vol. 579, Issue 7797 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2049-7	journal	March 2020
Mapping the twist-angle disorder and Landau levels in magic-angle graphene Uri, A.; Grover, S.; Cao, Y. Nature, Vol. 581, Issue 7806 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2255-3	journal	May 2020
Tunable correlated states and spin-polarized phases in twisted bilayer–bilayer graphene Cao, Yuan; Rodan-Legrain, Daniel; Rubies-Bigorda, Oriol Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2260-6	journal	May 2020
Tunable spin-polarized correlated states in twisted double bilayer graphene Liu, Xiaomeng; Hao, Zeyu; Khalaf, Eslam Nature, Vol. 583, Issue 7815 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2458-7	journal	July 2020
Superconductivity in metallic twisted bilayer graphene stabilized by WSe2 Arora, Harpreet Singh; Polski, Robert; Zhang, Yiran Nature, Vol. 583, Issue 7816 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2473-8	journal	July 2020
Electrical switching of magnetic order in an orbital Chern insulator Polshyn, H.; Zhu, J.; Kumar, M. A. Nature, Vol. 588, Issue 7836 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2963-8	journal	November 2020
Entropic evidence for a Pomeranchuk effect in magic-angle graphene Rozen, Asaf; Park, Jeong Min; Zondiner, Uri Nature, Vol. 592, Issue 7853 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03319-3	journal	April 2021
Isospin Pomeranchuk effect in twisted bilayer graphene Saito, Yu; Yang, Fangyuan; Ge, Jingyuan Nature, Vol. 592, Issue 7853 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03409-2	journal	April 2021
Boosting proximity spin–orbit coupling in graphene/WSe2 heterostructures via hydrostatic pressure Fülöp, Bálint; Márffy, Albin; Zihlmann, Simon npj 2D Materials and Applications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-021-00262-9	journal	September 2021
Many-body effects in twisted bilayer graphene at low twist angles Sboychakov, A. O.; Rozhkov, A. V.; Rakhmanov, A. L. Physical Review B, Vol. 100, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.100.045111	journal	July 2019
Flat-band topology of magic angle graphene on a transition metal dichalcogenide Wang, Tianle; Bultinck, Nick; Zaletel, Michael P. Physical Review B, Vol. 102, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.102.235146	journal	December 2020
Chiral topological superconductor from the quantum Hall state Qi, Xiao-Liang; Hughes, Taylor L.; Zhang, Shou-Cheng Physical Review B, Vol. 82, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.82.184516	journal	November 2010
Graphene on transition-metal dichalcogenides: A platform for proximity spin-orbit physics and optospintronics Gmitra, Martin; Fabian, Jaroslav Physical Review B, Vol. 92, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.92.155403	journal	October 2015
Strong electron-hole symmetric Rashba spin-orbit coupling in graphene/monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures Yang, Bowen; Lohmann, Mark; Barroso, David Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.96.041409	journal	July 2017
Nearly flat Chern bands in moiré superlattices Zhang, Ya-Hui; Mao, Dan; Cao, Yuan Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.99.075127	journal	February 2019
Twist-angle dependence of the proximity spin-orbit coupling in graphene on transition-metal dichalcogenides Li, Yang; Koshino, Mikito Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.99.075438	journal	February 2019
Proximity Effects in Bilayer Graphene on Monolayer WSe 2 : Field-Effect Spin Valley Locking, Spin-Orbit Valve, and Spin Transistor Gmitra, Martin; Fabian, Jaroslav Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.146401	journal	October 2017
Chiral Spin Density Wave and d + i d Superconductivity in the Magic-Angle-Twisted Bilayer Graphene Liu, Cheng-Cheng; Zhang, Li-Da; Chen, Wei-Qiang Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.217001	journal	November 2018
Mechanism for Anomalous Hall Ferromagnetism in Twisted Bilayer Graphene Bultinck, Nick; Chatterjee, Shubhayu; Zaletel, Michael P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.166601	journal	April 2020
Ferromagnetism in Narrow Bands of Moiré Superlattices Repellin, Cécile; Dong, Zhihuan; Zhang, Ya-Hui Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.187601	journal	May 2020
Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Reversal in Orbital Chern Insulators Zhu, Jihang; Su, Jung-Jung; MacDonald, A. H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.227702	journal	November 2020
Competing Zero-Field Chern Insulators in Superconducting Twisted Bilayer Graphene Stepanov, Petr; Xie, Ming; Taniguchi, Takashi Physical Review Letters, Vol. 127, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.197701	journal	November 2021
Twisted bilayer graphene aligned with hexagonal boron nitride: Anomalous Hall effect and a lattice model Zhang, Ya-Hui; Mao, Dan; Senthil, T. Physical Review Research, Vol. 1, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.1.033126	journal	November 2019
Origin and Magnitude of ‘Designer’ Spin-Orbit Interaction in Graphene on Semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Wang, Zhe; Ki, Dong-Keun; Khoo, Jun Yong Physical Review X, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.041020	journal	October 2016
Colloquium: Topological insulators Hasan, M. Z.; Kane, C. L. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 4, p. 3045-3067 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.3045	journal	November 2010
Topological insulators and superconductors Qi, Xiao-Liang; Zhang, Shou-Cheng Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1057	journal	October 2011
Charged skyrmions and topological origin of superconductivity in magic-angle graphene Khalaf, Eslam; Chatterjee, Shubhayu; Bultinck, Nick Science Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf5299	journal	May 2021
Tuning superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene Yankowitz, Matthew; Chen, Shaowen; Polshyn, Hryhoriy Science, Vol. 363, Issue 6431 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav1910	journal	January 2019
Emergent ferromagnetism near three-quarters filling in twisted bilayer graphene Sharpe, Aaron L.; Fox, Eli J.; Barnard, Arthur W. Science, Vol. 365, Issue 6453 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw3780	journal	July 2019
Intrinsic quantized anomalous Hall effect in a moiré heterostructure Serlin, M.; Tschirhart, C. L.; Polshyn, H. Science, Vol. 367, Issue 6480 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay5533	journal	December 2019
Nematicity and competing orders in superconducting magic-angle graphene Cao, Yuan; Rodan-Legrain, Daniel; Park, Jeong Min Science, Vol. 372, Issue 6539 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc2836	journal	April 2021

Similar Records

Cascade of electronic transitions in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene

Journal Article · Thu Jun 11 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · Nature (London) · OSTI ID:1780896

Exact Diagonalization for Magic-Angle Twisted Bilayer Graphene

Journal Article · Wed Sep 29 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:1853794

Correlated insulating and superconducting states in twisted bilayer graphene below the magic angle

Journal Article · Fri Sep 27 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Science Advances · OSTI ID:1611466

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Science & Technology - Other Topics

Spin-orbit–driven ferromagnetism at half moiré filling in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene

Citation Formats

References (45)

Similar Records

Related Subjects