Cycling-Induced Microstructural Changes in Alloy Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Adams, Jacob N.; Nelson, George J.

doi:10.1115/1.4051550

Cycling-Induced Microstructural Changes in Alloy Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Journal Article · Wed Jul 14 04:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051550· OSTI ID:1982927

Adams, Jacob N.; Nelson, George J.

Abstract

High-capacity electrochemical alloying materials, such as tin and tin-based alloys, present an opportunity for the advancement of lithium-ion batteries. However, the destructive effects of volumetric expansion must be mitigated in order to sustain this high capacity during extended cycling. One way to mitigate these effects is by alloying Sn with more malleable metals to accommodate the strain related to severe volumetric expansion. Ex situ X-ray microtomography data of cycled Cu6Sn5 pellets were used to quantify the microstructural changes that occur during lithiation and delithiation. The microtomography data were segmented into three distinct phases to evaluate phase size distributions, specific surface area, and tortuosity. Electrodes lithiated and then delithiated showed the most substantial reduction in overall phase sizes. This suggests that full lithiation of the Sn followed by partial delithiation of the Li4.4Sn to Li2CuSn can cause substantial microstructural changes related to volume expansion on lithiation and structural collapse upon delithiation. When considering other microstructural characteristics, this subset of the electrodes analyzed showed the highest tortuosity values. These results show that in addition to the mechanical degradation of the electrodes, excessive volume expansion can also influence transport networks in the active material and supporting phases of the electrode. While based on studies of the active–inactive alloy Cu6Sn5 for lithium-ion battery applications, the insights obtained are expected to be applicable to other alloy electrodes and battery chemistries.

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1982927

Journal Information:: Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, Journal Name: Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 18; ISSN 2381-6872

Publisher:: ASME

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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