Radial velocity variability and the evolution of hot subdwarf stars

Geier, S.; Dorsch, M.; Pelisoli, I.; Reindl, N.; Heber, U.; Irrgang, A.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202143022

Radial velocity variability and the evolution of hot subdwarf stars

Journal Article · Sun May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Astronomy and Astrophysics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202143022· OSTI ID:1982328

Geier, S. ^[1]; Dorsch, M. ^[2]; Pelisoli, I. ^[3]; Reindl, N. ^[1]; Heber, U. ^[2]; Irrgang, A. ^[2]

Univ. of Potsdam (Germany). Institut fuer Physik und Astronomie
Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bamberg (Germany)
Univ. of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom); Univ. of Potsdam (Germany). Institut fuer Physik und Astronomie

Hot subdwarf stars represent a late and peculiar stage in the evolution of low-mass stars, since they are likely formed by close binary interactions. In this work, we perform a radial velocity (RV) variability study of a sample of 646 hot subdwarfs with multi-epoch radial velocities based on spectra from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). The atmospheric parameters and RVs were taken from the literature. For stars with archival spectra but without literature values, we determined the parameters by fitting model atmospheres. In addition, we redetermined the atmospheric parameters and RVs for all the He-enriched sdO/Bs. This broad sample allowed us to study RV-variability as a function of the location in theT_eff - log g- and T_eff - log n (He)/n (H) diagrams in a statistically significant way. We used the fraction of RV-variable stars and the distribution of the maximum RV variations ΔRV_maxas diagnostics. Both indicators turned out to be quite inhomogeneous across the studied parameter ranges. A striking feature is the completely dissimilar behaviour of He-poor and He-rich hot subdwarfs. While the former have a high fraction of close binaries, almost no significant RV variations could be detected for the latter. This has led us to the conclusion that there is likely no evolutionary connection between these subtypes. On the other hand, intermediate He-rich- and extreme He-rich sdOB/Os are more likely to be related. Furthermore, we conclude that the vast majority of this population is formed via one or several binary merger channels. Hot subdwarfs with temperatures cooler than ~24 000 K tend to show fewer and smaller RV-variations. These objects might constitute a new subpopulation of binaries with longer periods and late-type or compact companions. The RV-variability properties of the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) and corresponding post-EHB populations of the He-poor hot subdwarfs match and confirm the predicted evolutionary connection between them. Stars found below the canonical EHB at somewhat higher surface gravities show large RV variations and a high RV variability fraction. These properties are consistent with most of them being low-mass EHB stars or progenitors of low-mass helium white dwarfs in close binaries.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; German Academic Exchange Service; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

OSTI ID:: 1982328

Journal Information:: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Journal Name: Astronomy and Astrophysics Vol. 661; ISSN 0004-6361

Publisher:: EDP SciencesCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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The fastest unbound star in our Galaxy ejected by a thermonuclear supernova Geier, S.; Furst, F.; Ziegerer, E. Science, Vol. 347, Issue 6226 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259063	journal	March 2015
Hot Subdwarf Stars Heber, Ulrich Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 47, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-082708-101836	journal	September 2009
Meet the family − the catalog of known hot subdwarf stars Geier, Stephan; Østensen, Roy H.; Nemeth, Peter Open Astronomy, Vol. 26, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1515/astro-2017-0432	journal	December 2017
A FEROS Survey of Hot Subdwarf Stars Vennes, Stéphane; Németh, Péter; Kawka, Adela Open Astronomy, Vol. 27, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1515/astro-2018-0005	journal	February 2018
Spectral energy distributions and colours of hot subluminous stars Heber, Ulrich; Irrgang, Andreas; Schaffenroth, Johannes Open Astronomy, Vol. 27, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1515/astro-2018-0008	journal	February 2018
Hot Subdwarf Stars Observed in Lamost Dr1—Atmospheric Parameters from Single-Lined Spectra Luo, Yang-Ping; Németh, Péter; Liu, Chao The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 818, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/202	journal	February 2016
BINARY CENTRAL STARS OF PLANETARY NEBULAE DISCOVERED THROUGH PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY. V. THE CENTRAL STARS OF HaTr 7 AND ESO 330-9 Hillwig, Todd C.; Frew, David J.; Reindl, Nicole The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 153, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/24	journal	December 2016
PTF1 J082340.04+081936.5: A Hot Subdwarf B Star with a Low-mass White Dwarf Companion in an 87-minute Orbit Kupfer, Thomas; Roestel, Jan van; Brooks, Jared The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 835, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/131	journal	January 2017
The OmegaWhite Survey for Short-period Variable Stars. V. Discovery of an Ultracompact Hot Subdwarf Binary with a Compact Companion in a 44-minute Orbit Kupfer, T.; Ramsay, G.; Roestel, J. van The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 851, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9522	journal	December 2017
New Hot Subdwarf Stars Identified in Gaia DR2 with LAMOST DR5 Spectra Lei, Zhenxin; Zhao, Jingkun; Németh, Péter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 868, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae82b	journal	November 2018
Hot Subdwarf Stars Observed in Gaia DR2 and LAMOST DR5 Luo, Yangping; Németh, Péter; Deng, Licai The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab298d	journal	August 2019
New Hot Subdwarf Stars Identified in Gaia DR2 with LAMOST DR5 Spectra. II. Lei, Zhenxin; Zhao, Jingkun; Németh, Péter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2edc	journal	August 2019
EVR-CB-001: An Evolving, Progenitor, White Dwarf Compact Binary Discovered with the Evryscope Ratzloff, Jeffrey K.; Barlow, Brad N.; Kupfer, Thomas The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3727	journal	September 2019
A Neutral Beam Model for High-energy Neutrino Emission from the Blazar TXS 0506+056 Zhang, B. Theodore; Petropoulou, Maria; Murase, Kohta The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 889, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab659a	journal	January 2020
The First Ultracompact Roche Lobe–Filling Hot Subdwarf Binary Kupfer, Thomas; Bauer, Evan B.; Marsh, Thomas R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 891, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab72ff	journal	March 2020
Hot Subdwarf Stars Identified in Gaia DR2 with Spectra of LAMOST DR6 and DR7. II.Kinematics Luo, Yangping; Németh, Péter; Li, Qida The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 898, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab98f3	journal	July 2020
EVR-CB-004: An Inflated Hot Subdwarf O Star + Unseen WD Companion in a Compact Binary Discovered with the Evryscope Ratzloff, Jeffrey K.; Kupfer, Thomas; Barlow, Brad N. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 902, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb5b2	journal	October 2020
Hot Subdwarf Atmospheric Parameters, Kinematics, and Origins Based on 1587 Hot Subdwarf Stars Observed in Gaia DR2 and LAMOST DR7 Luo, Yangping; Németh, Péter; Wang, Kun The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 256, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac11f6	journal	September 2021
Discovery of a Double-detonation Thermonuclear Supernova Progenitor Kupfer, Thomas; Bauer, Evan B.; van Roestel, Jan The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 925, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac48f1	journal	January 2022

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