Understory plant communities show resistance to drought, hurricanes, and experimental warming in a wet tropical forest

Alonso-Rodríguez, Aura M.; Wood, Tana E.; Torres-Díaz, Jamarys; Cavaleri, Molly A.; Reed, Sasha C.; Bachelot, Benedicte

doi:10.3389/ffgc.2022.733967

Understory plant communities show resistance to drought, hurricanes, and experimental warming in a wet tropical forest

Journal Article · Wed Jul 27 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Frontiers in Forests and Global Change

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.733967· OSTI ID:1981083

Alonso-Rodríguez, Aura M. ^[1]; Wood, Tana E. ^[2]; Torres-Díaz, Jamarys ^[2]; Cavaleri, Molly A. ^[3]; Reed, Sasha C. ^[4]; Bachelot, Benedicte ^[5]

University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (United States); University of Vermont Burlington, United States
USDA Forest Service, Rio Piedras (Puerto Rico)
Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI (United States)
US Geological Survey, Moab, UT (United States). Southwest Biological Science Center
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK (United States)

Global climate change has led to rising temperatures and to more frequent and intense climatic events, such as storms and droughts. Changes in climate and disturbance regimes can have non-additive effects on plant communities and result in complicated legacies we have yet to understand. This is especially true for tropical forests, which play a significant role in regulating global climate. We used understory vegetation data from the Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment (TRACE) in Puerto Rico to evaluate how plant communities responded to climate warming and disturbance. The TRACE understory vegetation was exposed to a severe drought (2015), 2 years of experimental warming (4°C above ambient in half of the plots, 2016–2017 and 2018–2019), and two major hurricanes (Irma and María, September 2017). Woody seedlings and saplings were censused yearly from 2015 to 2019, with an additional census in 2015 after the drought ended. We evaluated disturbance-driven changes in species richness, diversity, and composition across ontogeny. We then used Bayesian predictive trait modeling to assess how species responded to disturbance and how this might influence the functional structure of the plant community. Our results show decreased seedling richness after hurricane disturbance, as well as increased sapling richness and diversity after warming. We found a shift in species composition through time for both seedlings and saplings, yet the individual effects of each disturbance were not significant. At both ontogenetic stages, we observed about twice as many species responding to experimental warming as those responding to drought and hurricanes. Predicted changes in functional structure point to disturbance-driven functional shifts toward a mixture of fast-growing and drought-tolerant species. Our findings demonstrate that the tropical forest understory community is more resistant to climatic stressors than expected, especially at the sapling stage. However, early signs of changes in species composition suggest that, in a warming climate with frequent droughts and hurricanes, plant communities might shift over time toward fast-growing or drought-tolerant species.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89243018SSC000014; 89243119SSC000014; SC0008168; SC0011806; SC0012000; SC0018942; SC0022095

OSTI ID:: 1981083

Journal Information:: Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Name: Frontiers in Forests and Global Change Vol. 5; ISSN 2624-893X

Publisher:: Frontiers Media S.A.Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Functional traits and environmental filtering drive community assembly in a species-rich tropical system Lebrija-Trejos, Edwin; Pérez-García, Eduardo A.; Meave, Jorge A. Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3301862	collection	January 2016
Multidimensional trade-offs in species responses to disturbance: implications for diversity in a subtropical forest Uriarte, María; Clark, James S.; Zimmerman, Jess K. Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3304359	collection	January 2016
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi counteract the Janzen-Connell effect of soil pathogens Liang, Minxia; Liu, Xubing; Etienne, Rampal S. Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3307473	collection	January 2016
Ontogenetic shifts in trait-mediated mechanisms of plant community assembly Lasky, Jesse R.; Bachelot, Bénédicte; Muscarella, Robert Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3307881	collection	January 2016
A Neighborhood Analysis of tree Growth and Survival in a Hurricane-Driven Tropical Forest Uriarte, María; Canham, Charles D.; Thompson, Jill Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3309078.v1	collection	January 2016
Structural and Functional Responses of a Subtropical Forest to 10 Years of Hurricanes and Droughts Beard, Karen H.; Vogt, Kristiina A.; Vogt, Daniel J. Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3309132	collection	January 2016

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