A Hybrid Bulk Algorithm to Predict Turbulent Fluxes over Dry and Wet Bare Soils

Grachev, Andrey A.; Fairall, Christopher W.; Blomquist, Byron W.; Fernando, Harindra S.; Leo, Laura S.; Otárola-Bustos, Sebastián F.; Wilczak, James M.; McCaffrey, Katherine L.

doi:10.1175/jamc-d-20-0232.1

A Hybrid Bulk Algorithm to Predict Turbulent Fluxes over Dry and Wet Bare Soils

Journal Article · Fri Apr 01 04:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-20-0232.1· OSTI ID:1980907

Grachev, Andrey A. ^[1]; Fairall, Christopher W. ^[2]; Blomquist, Byron W. ^[3]; Fernando, Harindra S. ^[4]; Leo, Laura S. ^[5]; Otárola-Bustos, Sebastián F. ^[4]; Wilczak, James M. ^[2]; McCaffrey, Katherine L. ^[3]

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States). Physical Sciences Laboratory; Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States). Physical Sciences Laboratory
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States). Physical Sciences Laboratory; Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
University of Notre Dame, IN (United States)
University of Notre Dame, IN (United States); Univ. of Bologna (Italy)

Measurements made in the Columbia River basin (Oregon) in an area of irregular terrain during the second Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP2) field campaign are used to develop an optimized hybrid bulk algorithm to predict the surface turbulent fluxes from readily measured or modeled quantities over dry and wet bare or lightly vegetated soil surfaces. The hybrid (synthetic) algorithm combines (i) an aerodynamic method for turbulent flow, which is based on the transfer coefficients (drag coefficient and Stanton number), roughness lengths, and Monin–Obukhov similarity; and (ii) a modified Priestley–Taylor (P-T) algorithm with physically based ecophysiological constraints, which is essentially based on the surface energy budget (SEB) equation. Soil heat flux in the latter case was estimated from measurements of soil temperature and soil moisture. In the framework of the hybrid algorithm, bulk estimates of the momentum flux and the sensible heat flux are derived from a traditional aerodynamic approach, whereas the latent heat flux (or moisture flux) is evaluated from a modified P-T model. Direct measurements of the surface fluxes (turbulent and radiative) and other ancillary atmospheric/soil parameters made during WFIP2 for different soil conditions (dry and wet) are used to optimize and tune the hybrid bulk algorithm. The bulk flux estimates are validated against the measured eddy-covariance fluxes. We also discuss the SEB closure over dry and wet surfaces at various time scales based on the modeled and measured fluxes. Although this bulk flux algorithm is optimized for the data collected during the WFIP2, a hybrid approach can be used for similar flux-tower sites and field campaigns.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, MD (United States). Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0007605

OSTI ID:: 1980907

Journal Information:: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Journal Name: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 61; ISSN 1558-8424

Publisher:: American Meteorological SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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