All Solid-State Li/LLZO/LCO Battery Enabled by Alumina Interfacial Coating

Ren, Yaoyu; Wachsman, Eric D.

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ac644f

Title: All Solid-State Li/LLZO/LCO Battery Enabled by Alumina Interfacial Coating

Journal Article · Fri Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac644f· OSTI ID:1980879

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Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂(LLZO) garnet-type lithium-ion conductors are being investigated as a promising solid electrolyte for solid-state lithium batteries. To enable a functional all-solid-state configuration intensive investigations are needed to reduce the cathode/electrolyte interfacial resistance which contributes the most to cell performance loss. Among the commercial cathode materials investigated so far, LiCoO₂(LCO) is one of the most stable with garnet electrolytes as only a superficial reaction has been detected between the two materials. However, even this minor reaction would block the Li-ion transport through the interface, resulting in deteriorated cell performance. In this work, we demonstrate that a thin aluminum oxide layer (5 nm) can be an effective interlayer to impede the formation of a harmful interphase and enable facile Li-ion transfer between LCO and the LLZO garnet. Room-temperature-sputtered LCO thin films were employed to form an interface with the garnet electrolyte and annealed at 800 °C to reveal the effect of the interfacial reaction on the Li-ion transfer across the interface. An aluminum oxide layer was then introduced between LCO and the garnet electrolyte by sputtering a metallic aluminum layer which is then annealed together with the upper LCO layer in oxygen, or by direct atomic layer deposition of the oxide. Compared to the LCO/LLZO/Li cells without an aluminum oxide interlayer, those with the interlayer exhibited improved performance, i.e., a stable discharge capacity of up to 90 mAh/(g LCO) at a C/10 rate, a rate capability up to 1.68C and a stable galvanostatic cycling at 0.1C for over 100 cycles with a discharge capacity fade rate of 0.15% per cycle. It was determined that aluminum diffused into the LCO layer after preventing the initial detrimental reaction between LCO and the LLZO garnet from happening during high temperature annealing, suggesting that the coating does not have to remain a physically blocking layer during cycling to function.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

DOE Contract Number:: EE0008858

OSTI ID:: 1980879

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 169, Issue 4; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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