Gravothermal phase transition, black holes and space dimensionality

Feng, Wei-Xiang

doi:10.1103/physrevd.106.l041501

Gravothermal phase transition, black holes and space dimensionality

Journal Article · Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Physical Review. D.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.106.l041501· OSTI ID:1980192

^[1]

Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States); OSTI

In the framework of gravothermal evolution of an ideal monatomic fluid, I examine the dynamical instability of the fluid sphere in (N+1) dimensions by exploiting Chandrasekhar’s criterion to each quasi-static equilibrium along the sequence of the evolution. Once the instability is triggered, it would probably collapse into a black hole if no other interaction halts the process. From this viewpoint, the privilege of (3+1)-dimensional spacetime is manifest, as it is the marginal dimensionality in which the ideal monatomic fluid is stable but not too stable. Moreover, it is the unique dimensionality that allows stable hydrostatic equilibrium with positive cosmological constant. While all higher dimensional (N > 3) spheres are genuinely unstable. In contrast, in (2+1)-dimensional spacetime it is too stable either in the context of Newton’s theory of Gravity or Einstein’s General Relativity. It is well-known that the role of negative cosmological constant is crucial to have the Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole solution and the equilibrium configurations of a fluid disk. Owing to the negativeness of the cosmological constant, there is no unstable configuration for a homogeneous fluid disk to collapse into a naked singularity, which supports the Cosmic Censorship Conjecture. However, BTZ holes of mass M_BTZ > 0 could emerge from collapsing fluid disks. The implications of spacetime dimensionality are briefly discussed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0008541

OSTI ID:: 1980192

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 106; ISSN PRVDAQ; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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