A Hierarchy of Global Ocean Models Coupled to CESM1

Hsu, Tien‐Yiao; Primeau, Francois; Magnusdottir, Gudrun

doi:10.1029/2021MS002979

A Hierarchy of Global Ocean Models Coupled to CESM1

Journal Article · Thu Aug 04 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002979· OSTI ID:1879792

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University of California, Irvine Irvine CA USA

Abstract

We develop a hierarchy of simplified ocean models for coupled ocean, atmosphere, and sea ice climate simulations using the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1). The hierarchy has four members: a slab ocean model, a mixed‐layer model (MLM) with entrainment and detrainment, an Ekman MLM, and an ocean general circulation model (OGCM). Flux corrections of heat and salt are applied to the simplified models ensuring that all hierarchy members have the same climatology. We diagnose the needed flux corrections from auxiliary simulations in which we restore the temperature and salinity to the daily climatology obtained from a target CESM1 simulation. The resulting three‐dimensional corrections contain the interannual variability fluxes that maintain the correct vertical gradients of temperature and salinity in the tropics. We find that the inclusion of mixed‐layer entrainment and Ekman flow produces sea surface temperature and surface air temperature fields whose means and variances are progressively more similar to those produced by the target CESM1 simulation. We illustrate the application of the hierarchy to the problem of understanding the response of the climate system to the loss of Arctic sea ice. We find that the shifts in the positions of the mid‐latitude westerly jet and of the Inter‐tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in response to sea‐ice loss depend critically on upper ocean processes. Specifically, heat uptake associated with the mixed‐layer entrainment influences the shift in the westerly jet and ITCZ. Moreover, the shift of ITCZ is sensitive to the form of Ekman flow parameterization.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NONE; SC0019407

OSTI ID:: 1879792

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1884383
OSTI ID: 1978564

Journal Information:: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Name: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Journal Issue: 8 Vol. 14; ISSN 1942-2466

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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