Relativistic non-thermal particle acceleration in two-dimensional collisionless magnetic reconnection

Uzdensky, Dmitri A.

doi:10.1017/s0022377822000046

Relativistic non-thermal particle acceleration in two-dimensional collisionless magnetic reconnection

Journal Article · Wed Feb 16 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Journal of Plasma Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377822000046· OSTI ID:1977741

^[1]

Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado

Magnetic reconnection, especially in the relativistic regime, provides an efficient mechanism for accelerating relativistic particles and thus offers an attractive physical explanation for non-thermal high-energy emission from various astrophysical sources. I present a simple analytical model that elucidates key physical processes responsible for reconnection-driven relativistic non-thermal particle acceleration in the large-system, plasmoid-dominated regime in two dimensions. The model aims to explain the numerically observed dependencies of the power-law index $$p$$ and high-energy cutoff$$\gamma _c$$ of the resulting non-thermal particle energy spectrum $$f(\gamma )$$ on the ambient plasma magnetization $$\sigma$$, and (for$$\gamma _c$$) on the system size $$L$$. In this self-similar model, energetic particles are continuously accelerated by the out-of-plane reconnection electric field $$E_{\rm rec}$ until they become magnetized by the reconnected magnetic field and eventually trapped in plasmoids large enough to confine them. The model also includes diffusive Fermi acceleration by particle bouncing off rapidly moving plasmoids. I argue that the balance between electric acceleration and magnetization controls the power-law index, while trapping in plasmoids governs the cutoff, thus tying the particle energy spectrum to the plasmoid distribution.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0008409

OSTI ID:: 1977741

Journal Information:: Journal of Plasma Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Plasma Physics Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 88; ISSN 0022-3778

Publisher:: Cambridge University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Why does Steady-State Magnetic Reconnection have a Maximum Local Rate of Order 0.1? Liu, Yi-Hsin; Hesse, M.; Guo, F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.085101	journal	February 2017
Particle Acceleration in Relativistic Plasma Turbulence Comisso, Luca; Sironi, Lorenzo Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.255101	journal	December 2018
Electron and Ion Energization in Relativistic Plasma Turbulence Zhdankin, Vladimir; Uzdensky, Dmitri A.; Werner, Gregory R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.055101	journal	February 2019
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Particle Acceleration during Magnetic Reconnection in a Low-beta Plasma Li, Xiaocan; Guo, Fan; Li, Hui The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 843, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa745e	journal	June 2017
Radiative Magnetic Reconnection Near Accreting Black Holes Beloborodov, Andrei M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8f4f	journal	November 2017
Electron and Proton Acceleration in Trans-relativistic Magnetic Reconnection: Dependence on Plasma Beta and Magnetization Ball, David; Sironi, Lorenzo; Özel, Feryal The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac820	journal	July 2018
Bright Gamma-Ray Flares Powered by Magnetic Reconnection in QED-strength Magnetic Fields Schoeffler, K. M.; Grismayer, T.; Uzdensky, D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf1b9	journal	January 2019
Electron and Proton Heating in Transrelativistic Guide Field Reconnection Rowan, Michael E.; Sironi, Lorenzo; Narayan, Ramesh The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab03d7	journal	February 2019
Effects of Synchrotron Cooling and Pair Production on Collisionless Relativistic Reconnection Hakobyan, Hayk; Philippov, Alexander; Spitkovsky, Anatoly The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab191b	journal	May 2019
The Mechanism of Electron Injection and Acceleration in Transrelativistic Reconnection Ball, David; Sironi, Lorenzo; Özel, Feryal The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3f2e	journal	October 2019
The Interplay of Magnetically Dominated Turbulence and Magnetic Reconnection in Producing Nonthermal Particles Comisso, Luca; Sironi, Lorenzo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4c33	journal	November 2019
Exploring the Acceleration Mechanisms for Particle Injection and Power-law Formation during Transrelativistic Magnetic Reconnection Kilian, Patrick; Li, Xiaocan; Guo, Fan The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 899, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aba1e9	journal	August 2020
Secondary Energization in Compressing Plasmoids during Magnetic Reconnection Hakobyan, Hayk; Petropoulou, Maria; Spitkovsky, Anatoly The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 912, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abedac	journal	May 2021
The Extent of Power-Law Energy Spectra in Collisionless Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in pair Plasmas Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A.; Cerutti, B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 816, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/816/1/L8	journal	December 2015
Efficient Production of High-Energy Nonthermal Particles During Magnetic Reconnection in a Magnetically Dominated Ion–Electron Plasma Guo, Fan; Li, Xiaocan; Li, Hui The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 818, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/818/1/L9	journal	February 2016
Nonthermal Particle Acceleration in 3D Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in Pair Plasma Werner, Gregory R.; Uzdensky, Dmitri A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 843, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa7892	journal	July 2017
System-size Convergence of Nonthermal Particle Acceleration in Relativistic Plasma Turbulence Zhdankin, Vladimir; Uzdensky, Dmitri A.; Werner, Gregory R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aae88c	journal	October 2018
Pulsar Radio Emission Mechanism: Radio Nanoshots as a Low-frequency Afterglow of Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection Philippov, Alexander; Uzdensky, Dmitri A.; Spitkovsky, Anatoly The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab1590	journal	April 2019
Determining the Dominant Acceleration Mechanism during Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in Large-scale Systems Guo, Fan; Li, Xiaocan; Daughton, William The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 879, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab2a15	journal	July 2019
First-principles Demonstration of Diffusive-advective Particle Acceleration in Kinetic Simulations of Relativistic Plasma Turbulence Wong, Kai; Zhdankin, Vladimir; Uzdensky, Dmitri A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 893, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab8122	journal	April 2020
Development of Tearing Instability in a Current Sheet Forming by Sheared Incompressible Flow Elizabeth A. Tolman, Nuno F. Loureiro Harvard Dataverse https://doi.org/10.7910/dvn/sgokwb	dataset	January 2019

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