Kinetics and transport of hydrogen in graphite at high temperature and the effects of oxidation, irradiation and isotopics

Vergari, Lorenzo; Scarlat, Raluca O.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153142

Kinetics and transport of hydrogen in graphite at high temperature and the effects of oxidation, irradiation and isotopics

Journal Article · Wed Jul 14 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Nuclear Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153142· OSTI ID:1977369

^[1]; ^[2]

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); OSTI
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)

The kinetics of uptake and desorption impact the performance of graphite as a vector for tritium in high-temperature fission reactors and in the blanket of fusion reactors. Graphite components in these reactors are exposed to temperatures > 500 °C and H₂ partial pressures of few Pa and desorption temperatures are limited to < 1600 °C; limited data is available at these conditions. Here we review the mechanisms for uptake in, transport and desorption of hydrogen from graphite at high temperature, compiling data on uptake rates, diffusion coefficients and activation energies and providing a discussion of the impact of irradiation, pre-oxidation and isotope. At FHR conditions, trapping impacts uptake rates, leading to a reduction in apparent diffusivity by 35 to 80% compared to higher partial-pressure uptake. Timelines for desorption are not clearly defined; extrapolating from available data, at 1150 °C desorbing 80% of tritium uptaken at FHR conditions may take from 100 to 10,000 h.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE); USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP)

Grant/Contract Number:: NE0008999

OSTI ID:: 1977369

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1868652

Journal Information:: Journal of Nuclear Materials, Journal Name: Journal of Nuclear Materials Journal Issue: C Vol. 558; ISSN 0022-3115

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Kinetics and transport of hydrogen in graphite at high temperature and the effects of oxidation, irradiation and isotopics

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