Dynamic coevolution of baseflow and multiscale groundwater flow system during prolonged droughts

Wang, Chao; Gomez-Velez, Jesus D.; Wilson, John L.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127657

Dynamic coevolution of baseflow and multiscale groundwater flow system during prolonged droughts

Journal Article · Wed Mar 02 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Journal of Hydrology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127657· OSTI ID:1977305

Wang, Chao ^[1]; Gomez-Velez, Jesus D. ^[2]; Wilson, John L. ^[3]

New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM (United States); Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States); OSTI
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM (United States)

Field and numerical studies suggest that baseflow is composed of waters from a spectrum of groundwater flow paths termed the Groundwater Flow System (GWFS) – from shallow hillslope contributions to watershed-scale deep circulation originating in headwaters and discharging into lowland rivers. Here, we explore the evolution of the GWFS under prolonged droughts to understand its dynamics and multiscale nature, and to elucidate its role in baseflow generation and recession at the watershed scale. In this work, we consider three drought scenarios of varying severity and simulate groundwater flow in a 2-D cross-section of an idealized watershed with deep permeable bedrock, tracking the evolution of flow paths, baseflow, and residence times during the recession process. We find that baseflow generation at different drainage stages, and within different subwatersheds, is influenced distinctly by flow paths of different scales, depending on the relative strength of the flow paths and the position of the subwatersheds relative to the recharge/discharge zones of the deeper watershed-scale groundwater circulation. Despite having the same local relief, geology, and climate, baseflow from each subwatershed has a distinct recession behavior and time-dependent residence time distribution. Also, the hydraulic and transport characteristics of baseflow generation co-evolve and are strongly affected by the connection state of the water table to subwatersheds. These findings suggest that asynchrony and dissimilarity of baseflow generation from hillslopes under the impact of the watershed-scale groundwater flow, and interactions with local-scale and intermediate-scale groundwater flow, must be taken into account when interpreting baseflow recession data and building conceptual baseflow models at the watershed scale.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: FC01-06EW07053

OSTI ID:: 1977305

Journal Information:: Journal of Hydrology, Journal Name: Journal of Hydrology Journal Issue: C Vol. 609; ISSN 0022-1694

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Baseflow
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Dynamic coevolution of baseflow and multiscale groundwater flow system during prolonged droughts

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