UV/chlorine advanced oxidation processes for degradation of contaminants in water and wastewater: A comprehensive review

Khajouei, Golnoosh; Finklea, Harry O.; Lin, Lian-Shin

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2022.107508

UV/chlorine advanced oxidation processes for degradation of contaminants in water and wastewater: A comprehensive review

Journal Article · Tue Mar 08 23:00:00 EST 2022 · Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107508· OSTI ID:1977294

Khajouei, Golnoosh ^[1]; Finklea, Harry O. ^[2]; Lin, Lian-Shin ^[2]

West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV (United States); OSTI
West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV (United States)

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have recently gained increasing attention as promising alternatives to conventional water and wastewater treatment technologies. As an AOP, there has been a growing interest in UV/chlorine due to its multiple disinfection modes and ability to maintain chlorine residuals in drinking water distribution systems. Compared to the popular UV/H₂O₂AOP treatment process, UV/chlorine AOP possesses several advantages including a higher radical production efficiency and a lower power demand. The process has recently been applied for the degradation of a wide range of natural and synthetic organic as well as inorganic compounds including pharmaceutical and personal care products, natural organic matter, herbicides and insecticides, taste and odor, and different types of water and wastewaters. The focus of the present work is to review and evaluate the efficiency of the UV/chlorine process on the oxidation of these pollutants. Here a critical overview is provided of the fundamentals of UV/chlorine, controlling factors of the process performance, and a comparison with other UV-based AOPs. The formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), one of the concerns associated with UV/chlorine treatment, is discussed and strategies to tackle this obstacle are provided for future studies and applications.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: FE0031740

OSTI ID:: 1977294

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1856279

Journal Information:: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (Online), Journal Name: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering (Online) Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 10; ISSN 2213-3437

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Degradation of natural organic matter by UV/chlorine oxidation: Molecular decomposition, formation of oxidation byproducts and cytotoxicity Wang, Wen-Long; Zhang, Xue; Wu, Qian-Yuan Water Research, Vol. 124 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.029	journal	November 2017
Highly selective transformation of ammonia nitrogen to N2 based on a novel solar-driven photoelectrocatalytic-chlorine radical reactions system Ji, Youzhi; Bai, Jing; Li, Jinhua Water Research, Vol. 125 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.053	journal	November 2017
Factors affecting the roles of reactive species in the degradation of micropollutants by the UV/chlorine process Wu, Zihao; Guo, Kaiheng; Fang, Jingyun Water Research, Vol. 126 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.09.028	journal	December 2017
Transformations of dissolved organic matter induced by UV photolysis, Hydroxyl radicals, chlorine radicals, and sulfate radicals in aqueous-phase UV-Based advanced oxidation processes Varanasi, Lathika; Coscarelli, Erica; Khaksari, Maryam Water Research, Vol. 135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.015	journal	May 2018
Degradation of lipid regulators by the UV/chlorine process: Radical mechanisms, chlorine oxide radical (ClO•)-mediated transformation pathways and toxicity changes Kong, Xiujuan; Wu, Zihao; Ren, Ziran Water Research, Vol. 137 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.004	journal	June 2018
Evaluation of advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment – A critical review Miklos, David B.; Remy, Christian; Jekel, Martin Water Research, Vol. 139 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.042	journal	August 2018
Wavelength-dependent chlorine photolysis and subsequent radical production using UV-LEDs as light sources Yin, Ran; Ling, Li; Shang, Chii Water Research, Vol. 142 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.018	journal	October 2018
Comparison of the UV/chlorine and UV/H2O2 processes in the degradation of PPCPs in simulated drinking water and wastewater: Kinetics, radical mechanism and energy requirements Guo, Kaiheng; Wu, Zihao; Yan, Shuwen Water Research, Vol. 147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.048	journal	December 2018
Characterization of disinfection byproduct formation and associated changes to dissolved organic matter during solar photolysis of free available chlorine Young, Tessora R.; Li, Wentao; Guo, Alan Water Research, Vol. 146 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.022	journal	December 2018
Effect of UV irradiation on iodinated trihalomethane formation during post-chloramination Xia, Ying; Lin, Yi-Li; Xu, Bin Water Research, Vol. 147 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.045	journal	December 2018
PPCP degradation and DBP formation in the solar/free chlorine system: Effects of pH and dissolved oxygen Hua, Zhechao; Guo, Kaiheng; Kong, Xiujuan Water Research, Vol. 150 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.041	journal	March 2019
Effect of UV wavelength on humic acid degradation and disinfection by-product formation during the UV/chlorine process Gao, Ze-Chen; Lin, Yi-Li; Xu, Bin Water Research, Vol. 154 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.004	journal	May 2019
Effects of chlorination and combined UV/Cl2 treatment on endotoxin activity and inhalation toxicity of lipopolysaccharide, gram-negative bacteria and reclaimed water Xue, Jinling; Zhang, Jinshan; Qiao, Juan Water Research, Vol. 155 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.021	journal	May 2019
Comparative study on the pretreatment of algae-laden water by UV/persulfate, UV/chlorine, and UV/H2O2: Variation of characteristics and alleviation of ultrafiltration membrane fouling Wan, Ying; Xie, Pengchao; Wang, Zongping Water Research, Vol. 158 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.034	journal	July 2019
Organic matter removal and membrane fouling mitigation during algae-rich surface water treatment by powdered activated carbon adsorption pretreatment: Enhanced by UV and UV/chlorine oxidation Xing, Jiajian; Liang, Heng; Xu, Siqi Water Research, Vol. 159 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.017	journal	August 2019
Enhanced ronidazole degradation by UV-LED/chlorine compared with conventional low-pressure UV/chlorine at neutral and alkaline pH values Zou, Xiang-Yun; Lin, Yi-Li; Xu, Bin Water Research, Vol. 160 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.072	journal	September 2019
Degradation of six typical pesticides in water by VUV/UV/chlorine process: Evaluation of the synergistic effect Yang, Laxiang; Zhang, Zhenhua Water Research, Vol. 161 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.021	journal	September 2019
Full-scale comparison of UV/H2O2 and UV/Cl2 advanced oxidation: The degradation of micropollutant surrogates and the formation of disinfection byproducts Wang, Chengjin; Moore, Nathan; Bircher, Keith Water Research, Vol. 161 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.033	journal	September 2019
Oxidation byproducts from the degradation of dissolved organic matter by advanced oxidation processes – A critical review Ike, Ikechukwu A.; Karanfil, Tanju; Cho, Jinwoo Water Research, Vol. 164 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.114929	journal	November 2019
Degradation and DBP formations from pyrimidines and purines bases during sequential or simultaneous use of UV and chlorine Zhang, Xinran; Zhai, Jiaxin; Zhong, Yu Water Research, Vol. 165 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115023	journal	November 2019
Insight into Fe(II)/UV/chlorine pretreatment for reducing ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling: Effects of different natural organic fractions and comparison with coagulation Xing, Jiajian; Liang, Heng; Chuah, Chong Joon Water Research, Vol. 167 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115112	journal	December 2019
Advanced treatment of urban wastewater by UV-C/free chlorine process: Micro-pollutants removal and effect of UV-C radiation on trihalomethanes formation Cerreta, Giusy; Roccamante, Melina A.; Plaza-Bolaños, Patricia Water Research, Vol. 169 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115220	journal	February 2020
The role of chlorine oxide radical (ClO•) in the degradation of polychoro-1,3-butadienes in UV/chlorine treatment: kinetics and mechanisms Kong, Qingqing; Lei, Xin; Zhang, Xinran Water Research, Vol. 183 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116056	journal	September 2020
Removal of micropollutants by an electrochemically driven UV/chlorine process for decentralized water treatment Zhang, Yinqiao; Wang, Huijiao; Li, Yang Water Research, Vol. 183 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116115	journal	September 2020
Synergistic effect of UV/chlorine in bacterial inactivation, resistance gene removal, and gene conjugative transfer blocking Wang, Haichao; Wang, Jin; Li, Shuming Water Research, Vol. 185 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116290	journal	October 2020
DBP formation and toxicity alteration during UV/chlorine treatment of wastewater and the effects of ammonia and bromide Hua, Zhechao; Li, Dan; Wu, Zihao Water Research, Vol. 188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116549	journal	January 2021
UV/Chlorine Process: An Efficient Advanced Oxidation Process with Multiple Radicals and Functions in Water Treatment Guo, Kaiheng; Wu, Zihao; Chen, Chunyan Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 55, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00269	journal	January 2022
Novel Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Chlorine Activation Process for Carbamazepine Degradation in Drinking Water Cheng, Zihang; Ling, Li; Wu, Zihao Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 54, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c03170	journal	August 2020
VUV/UV/Chlorine as an Enhanced Advanced Oxidation Process for Organic Pollutant Removal from Water: Assessment with a Novel Mini-Fluidic VUV/UV Photoreaction System (MVPS) Li, Mengkai; Qiang, Zhimin; Hou, Pin Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 50, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00133	journal	May 2016
Chlorine/UV Process for Decomposition and Detoxification of Microcystin-LR Zhang, Xinran; Li, Jing; Yang, Jer-Yen Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 50, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02009	journal	July 2016
Degradation of DEET and Caffeine under UV/Chlorine and Simulated Sunlight/Chlorine Conditions Sun, Peizhe; Lee, Wan-Ning; Zhang, Ruochun Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 50, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02287	journal	December 2016
Analysis of Hydroxyl Radicals and Inactivation Mechanisms of Bacteriophage MS2 in Response to a Simultaneous Application of UV and Chlorine Rattanakul, Surapong; Oguma, Kumiko Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03394	journal	December 2016
Mechanistic Insight into the Reactivity of Chlorine-Derived Radicals in the Aqueous-Phase UV–Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Process: Quantum Mechanical Calculations Minakata, Daisuke; Kamath, Divya; Maetzold, Shaye Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00507	journal	June 2017
Radical Chemistry and Structural Relationships of PPCP Degradation by UV/Chlorine Treatment in Simulated Drinking Water Guo, Kaiheng; Wu, Zihao; Shang, Chii Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02059	journal	August 2017
The Multiple Role of Bromide Ion in PPCPs Degradation under UV/Chlorine Treatment Cheng, Shuangshuang; Zhang, Xinran; Yang, Xin Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 52, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03268	journal	February 2018
Comparing the UV/Monochloramine and UV/Free Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) to the UV/Hydrogen Peroxide AOP Under Scenarios Relevant to Potable Reuse Chuang, Yi-Hsueh; Chen, Serena; Chinn, Curtis J. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03570	journal	November 2017
Susceptibility of the Algal Toxin Microcystin-LR to UV/Chlorine Process: Comparison with Chlorination Duan, Xiaodi; Sanan, Toby; de la Cruz, Armah Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 52, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b00034	journal	June 2018
Trace Organic Pollutant Removal by VUV/UV/chlorine Process: Feasibility Investigation for Drinking Water Treatment on a Mini-Fluidic VUV/UV Photoreaction System and a Pilot Photoreactor Li, Mengkai; Hao, Mengyu; Yang, Laxiang Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 52, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b00611	journal	May 2018
Impact of Chloride Ions on UV/H ₂ O ₂ and UV/Persulfate Advanced Oxidation Processes Zhang, Weiqiu; Zhou, Shiqing; Sun, Julong Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 52, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01662	journal	May 2018
Autocatalytic Decomplexation of Cu(II)–EDTA and Simultaneous Removal of Aqueous Cu(II) by UV/Chlorine Huang, Xianfeng; Wang, Yi; Li, Xuchun Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 53, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05346	journal	January 2019
Oxidation Mechanisms of the UV/Free Chlorine Process: Kinetic Modeling and Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships Zhou, Shiqing; Zhang, Weiqiu; Sun, Julong Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 53, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06896	journal	March 2019
Rate Constants and Mechanisms of the Reactions of Cl ^• and Cl ₂ ^•– with Trace Organic Contaminants Lei, Yu; Cheng, Shuangshuang; Luo, Na Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 53, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02462	journal	September 2019
Impact of UV Disinfection Combined with Chlorination/Chloramination on the Formation of Halonitromethanes and Haloacetonitriles in Drinking Water Shah, Amisha D.; Dotson, Aaron D.; Linden, Karl G. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 45, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/es104240v	journal	March 2011
Enhanced Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis Spores during Solar Photolysis of Free Available Chlorine Forsyth, Jenna E.; Zhou, Peiran; Mao, Quanxin Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 47, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/es401906x	journal	November 2013
The Roles of Reactive Species in Micropollutant Degradation in the UV/Free Chlorine System Fang, Jingyun; Fu, Yun; Shang, Chii Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/es4036094	journal	January 2014
Effects of Combined UV and Chlorine Treatment on the Formation of Trichloronitromethane from Amine Precursors Deng, Lin; Huang, Ching-Hua; Wang, Yung-Li Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/es404116n	journal	February 2014
Application of a Solar UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Process to Oil Sands Process-Affected Water Remediation Shu, Zengquan; Li, Chao; Belosevic, Miodrag Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/es5017558	journal	July 2014
Kinetics and mechanistic investigation into the degradation of naproxen by a UV/chlorine process Gao, Yu-qiong; Gao, Nai-yun; Chu, Wen-hai RSC Advances, Vol. 7, Issue 53 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA04540A	journal	January 2017
Emerging investigators series: comparative study of naproxen degradation by the UV/chlorine and the UV/H ₂ O ₂ advanced oxidation processes Pan, Mingwei; Wu, Zihao; Tang, Changyuan Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EW00105G	journal	January 2018
The fate of dichloroacetonitrile in UV/Cl ₂ and UV/H ₂ O ₂ processes: implications on potable water reuse Yin, Ran; Zhong, Zhuozhi; Ling, Li Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EW00195B	journal	January 2018
Treatment of water contaminated with methyl tertiary butyl ether using UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process Kedir, Amana Jemal; Tawabini, Bassam; Al-Shaibani, Abdulaziz Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 57, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1106980	journal	October 2015
Degradation of clofibric acid in UV/chlorine disinfection process: kinetics, reactive species contribution and pathways Tang, Yuqing; Shi, Xueting; Liu, Yongze Royal Society Open Science, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171372	journal	February 2018
Pump-and-Treat Groundwater Remediation Using Chlorine/Ultraviolet Advanced Oxidation Processes Boal, Andrew K.; Rhodes, Curtis; Garcia, Steve Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, Vol. 35, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12095	journal	January 2015
State of the Art of UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Processes: Their Mechanism, Byproducts Formation, Process Variation, and Applications Kishimoto, Naoyuki Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2965/jwet.19-021	journal	January 2019
Degradation Investigation of Selected Taste and Odor Compounds by a UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Process Fang, Jingyun; Liu, Jiajian; Shang, Chii International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020284	journal	February 2018
Removal of Emerging Contaminants and Estrogenic Activity from Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent with UV/Chlorine and UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Treatment at Pilot Scale Rott, Eduard; Kuch, Bertram; Lange, Claudia International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050935	journal	May 2018
Degradation of Paracetamol by an UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Process: Influencing Factors, Factorial Design, and Intermediates Identification Dao, Yen; Tran, Hai; Tran-Lam, Thien International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 15, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122637	journal	November 2018
The Effect of UV and Combined Chlorine/UV Treatment on Coliphages in Drinking Water Disinfection Zyara, Alyaa; Torvinen, Eila; Veijalainen, Anna-Maria Water, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/w8040130	journal	April 2016

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
UV/chlorine oxidation
advanced oxidation process
oxidation by-products
reactive radical species
trace organic chemicals

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