Land use-land cover gradient demonstrates the importance of perennial grasslands with intact soils for building soil carbon in the fertile Mollisols of the North Central US

Sanford, Gregg R.; Jackson, Randall D.; Rui, Yichao; Kucharik, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115854

Land use-land cover gradient demonstrates the importance of perennial grasslands with intact soils for building soil carbon in the fertile Mollisols of the North Central US

Journal Article · Fri Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Geoderma

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115854· OSTI ID:1977163

Sanford, Gregg R. ^[1]; Jackson, Randall D. ^[2]; Rui, Yichao ^[3]; Kucharik, Christopher J. ^[4]

Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); OSTI
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Rodale Institute, Kutztown, PA (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), Madison, WI (United States)

The impact of land use change and agricultural management on the cycling of soil organic carbon (SOC) is not well understood, limiting our ability to manage for, and accurately model, soil carbon changes at both local and regional scales. To address this issue, here we combined long-term soil incubations with acid-hydrolysis and dry combustion to parse total SOC (C_t) into three operationally defined SOC pools (active, slow, and recalcitrant) from 9 long-term sites with varying land uses on current and former tallgrass prairie soil. Land uses represented a gradient of soil disturbance histories including remnant prairie, restored prairie, grazed pasture, annual crop rotations, and continuous maize. Dry combustion was used to estimate total carbon (C_t, physical), while acid hydrolysis of both the active (C_a) and slow (C_s) pools was used to estimate a recalcitrant carbon pool (C_r, chemical). Non-linear modeling of CO₂ efflux data from the long-term incubations was then used to estimate C_a, and the decomposition rates of both C_a and C_s (k_a and k_r, biological). The size of the slow pools C_s was then defined mathematically as C_t-(C_a + C_r). Remnant prairie had the highest C_t, while cool-season pasture and a 35-y-old restored prairie had higher C_t than the other agricultural systems. All agricultural systems, including pasture, had the highest fraction of C_t as C_r (~50%), whose mean residence time (MRT) in these soils is ≥500 years (Paul et al., 2001a) demonstrating that this fraction persists, while the more labile fractions were lost over the course of a few months (C_a) to a few decades (C_s) as a result of tillage-intensive agriculture. The two- to four-decade MRT time of C_s indicated a pool likely to be more responsive to the 20 to 40 years of land-use practices used at some of the sites. The C_s pool was largest in the remnant- and 35-y-old prairies indicating significant C accrual and stabilization compared to the agricultural ecosystems. Interestingly, the remnant prairie maintained the highest C_a pool as well, demonstrating the strong connection between the quantity of fresh C inputs and the potential for long-term C stabilization and accrual. The accumulation of C in active (≈labile) pools as a first step toward long-term stabilization highlights the tenuous nature of early carbon gains, which can be quickly lost in response to climate change or poor management.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDA NIFA

Grant/Contract Number:: FC02-07ER64494; AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1977163

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1860999

Journal Information:: Geoderma, Journal Name: Geoderma Journal Issue: C Vol. 418; ISSN 0016-7061

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Land use-land cover gradient demonstrates the importance of perennial grasslands with intact soils for building soil carbon in the fertile Mollisols of the North Central US

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