A Van der Waals Interface Hosting Two Groups of Magnetic Skyrmions

Wu, Yingying; Francisco, Brian; Chen, Zhijie; Wang, Wei; Zhang, Yu; Wan, Caihua; Han, Xiufeng; Chi, Hang; Hou, Yasen; Lodesani, Alessandro; Yin, Gen; Liu, Kai; Cui, Yong‐tao; Wang, Kang L.; Moodera, Jagadeesh S.

doi:10.1002/adma.202110583

A Van der Waals Interface Hosting Two Groups of Magnetic Skyrmions

Journal Article · Thu Feb 24 23:00:00 EST 2022 · Advanced Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202110583· OSTI ID:1976205

^[1]; Francisco, Brian ^[2]; Chen, Zhijie ^[3]; Wang, Wei ^[4]; Zhang, Yu ^[5]; Wan, Caihua ^[5]; Han, Xiufeng ^[5]; Chi, Hang ^[6]; Hou, Yasen ^[7]; Lodesani, Alessandro ^[7]; Yin, Gen ^[3]; Liu, Kai ^[3]; Cui, Yong‐tao ^[2]; Wang, Kang L. ^[8]; Moodera, Jagadeesh S. ^[7]

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); OSTI
University of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
Georgetown University, Washington, DC (United States)
Nanjing Tech University (China)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD (United States)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
University of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

Multiple magnetic skyrmion phases add an additional degree of freedom for skyrmion-based ultrahigh-density spin memory devices. Extending the field to 2D van der Waals magnets is a rewarding challenge, where the realizable degree of freedoms (e.g., thickness, twist angle, and electrical gating) and high skyrmion density result in intriguing new properties and enhanced functionality. In this work, a van der Waals interface, formed by two 2D ferromagnets Cr₂Ge₂Te₆ and Fe₃GeTe₂ with a Curie temperature of ≈65 and ≈205 K, respectively, hosting two groups of magnetic skyrmions, is reported. Two sets of topological Hall effect signals are observed below 6s0 K when Cr₂Ge₂Te₆ is magnetically ordered. These two groups of skyrmions are directly imaged using magnetic force microscopy, and supported by micromagnetic simulations. Interestingly, the magnetic skyrmions persist in the heterostructure with zero applied magnetic field. The results are promising for the realization of skyrmionic devices based on van der Waals heterostructures hosting multiple skyrmion phases.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Army Research Office (ARO); National Science Foundation (NSF); US Army Research Laboratory (ARL)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020221

OSTI ID:: 1976205

Journal Information:: Advanced Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Materials Journal Issue: 16 Vol. 34; ISSN 0935-9648

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (40)

Anatomy of Skyrmionic Textures in Magnetic Multilayers Li, Wenjing; Bykova, Iuliia; Zhang, Shilei Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201807683	journal	February 2019
Magnetic Proximity Effect in Graphene/CrBr ₃ van der Waals Heterostructures Tang, Chaolong; Zhang, Zhaowei; Lai, Shen Advanced Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201908498	journal	March 2020
Ising-Type Magnetic Ordering in Atomically Thin FePS ₃ Lee, Jae-Ung; Lee, Sungmin; Ryoo, Ji Hoon Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03052	journal	November 2016
Strong Proximity Josephson Coupling in Vertically Stacked NbSe ₂ –Graphene–NbSe ₂ van der Waals Junctions Kim, Minsoo; Park, Geon-Hyoung; Lee, Jongyun Nano Letters, Vol. 17, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02707	journal	September 2017
Skyrmions in the Moiré of van der Waals 2D Magnets Tong, Qingjun; Liu, Fei; Xiao, Jiang Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03315	journal	October 2018
Nanoscale magnetic skyrmions in metallic films and multilayers: a new twist for spintronics Wiesendanger, Roland Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2016.44	journal	June 2016
Magnetic skyrmions: advances in physics and potential applications Fert, Albert; Reyren, Nicolas; Cros, Vincent Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2017.31	journal	June 2017
Discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals crystals Gong, Cheng; Li, Lin; Li, Zhenglu Nature, Vol. 546, Issue 7657 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22060	journal	April 2017
Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit Huang, Bevin; Clark, Genevieve; Navarro-Moratalla, Efrén Nature, Vol. 546, Issue 7657 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22391	journal	June 2017
Electrical gate control of spin current in van der Waals heterostructures at room temperature Dankert, André; Dash, Saroj P. Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms16093	journal	July 2017
Realization of ground-state artificial skyrmion lattices at room temperature Gilbert, Dustin A.; Maranville, Brian B.; Balk, Andrew L. Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9462	journal	October 2015
Observation of room-temperature magnetic skyrmions and their current-driven dynamics in ultrathin metallic ferromagnets Woo, Seonghoon; Litzius, Kai; Krüger, Benjamin Nature Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4593	journal	February 2016
Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions Nagaosa, Naoto; Tokura, Yoshinori Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.243	journal	December 2013
Skyrmions on the track Fert, Albert; Cros, Vincent; Sampaio, João Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.29	journal	March 2013
Néel-type skyrmion in WTe2/Fe3GeTe2 van der Waals heterostructure Wu, Yingying; Zhang, Senfu; Zhang, Junwei Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17566-x	journal	July 2020
Coexistence of distinct skyrmion phases observed in hybrid ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic multilayers Mandru, Andrada-Oana; Yıldırım, Oğuz; Tomasello, Riccardo Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20025-2	journal	December 2020
Two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnetism in atomically thin Fe3GeTe2 Fei, Zaiyao; Huang, Bevin; Malinowski, Paul Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0149-7	journal	August 2018
Ferroelectrically tunable magnetic skyrmions in ultrathin oxide heterostructures Wang, Lingfei; Feng, Qiyuan; Kim, Yoonkoo Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0204-4	journal	November 2018
Electrical detection of single magnetic skyrmions in metallic multilayers at room temperature Maccariello, Davide; Legrand, William; Reyren, Nicolas Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-017-0044-4	journal	January 2018
Van der Waals heterostructures for spintronics and opto-spintronics Sierra, Juan F.; Fabian, Jaroslav; Kawakami, Roland K. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 16, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00936-x	journal	July 2021
Proximity-induced superconducting gap in the quantum spin Hall edge state of monolayer WTe2 Lüpke, Felix; Waters, Dacen; de la Barrera, Sergio C. Nature Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-0816-x	journal	March 2020
Gate-tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Fe3GeTe2 Deng, Yujun; Yu, Yijun; Song, Yichen Nature, Vol. 563, Issue 7729 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0626-9	journal	October 2018
Magnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals materials Burch, Kenneth S.; Mandrus, David; Park, Je-Geun Nature, Vol. 563, Issue 7729 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0631-z	journal	October 2018
Spin–orbit-driven band inversion in bilayer graphene by the van der Waals proximity effect Island, J. O.; Cui, X.; Lewandowski, C. Nature, Vol. 571, Issue 7763 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1304-2	journal	June 2019
Topological superconductivity in a van der Waals heterostructure Kezilebieke, Shawulienu; Huda, Md Nurul; Vaňo, Viliam Nature, Vol. 588, Issue 7838 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2989-y	journal	December 2020
Controlling the magnetic anisotropy in Cr2Ge2Te6 by electrostatic gating Verzhbitskiy, Ivan A.; Kurebayashi, Hidekazu; Cheng, Haixia Nature Electronics, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-020-0427-7	journal	June 2020
Large exchange splitting in monolayer graphene magnetized by an antiferromagnet Wu, Yingying; Yin, Gen; Pan, Lei Nature Electronics, Vol. 3, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-020-0458-0	journal	August 2020
The design and verification of MuMax3 Vansteenkiste, Arne; Leliaert, Jonathan; Dvornik, Mykola AIP Advances, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4899186	journal	October 2014
A repulsive skyrmion chain as a guiding track for a racetrack memory Suess, D.; Vogler, C.; Bruckner, F. AIP Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4993957	journal	November 2018
Raman spectroscopy of atomically thin two-dimensional magnetic iron phosphorus trisulfide (FePS ₃ ) crystals Wang, Xingzhi; Du, Kezhao; Fredrik Liu, Yu Yang 2D Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/3/3/031009	journal	August 2016
Competing antiferromagnetism in a quasi-2D itinerant ferromagnet: Fe ₃ GeTe ₂ Yi, Jieyu; Zhuang, Houlong; Zou, Qiang 2D Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/4/1/011005	journal	November 2016
Néel-type skyrmions and their current-induced motion in van der Waals ferromagnet-based heterostructures Park, Tae-Eon; Peng, Licong; Liang, Jinghua Physical Review B, Vol. 103, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.103.104410	journal	March 2021
Induced Ising spin-orbit interaction in metallic thin films on monolayer WSe2 Wu, Yingying; He, James Jun; Han, Tianyi Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.99.121406	journal	March 2019
Topological Hall Effect in the A Phase of MnSi Neubauer, A.; Pfleiderer, C.; Binz, B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.186602	journal	May 2009
Two-channel anomalous Hall effect in SrRuO 3 Kimbell, Graham; Sass, Paul M.; Woltjes, Bart Physical Review Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.054414	journal	May 2020
Interface-induced phenomena in magnetism Hellman, Frances; Hoffmann, Axel; Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 89, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.89.025006	journal	June 2017
Colloquium : Spintronics in graphene and other two-dimensional materials Avsar, A.; Ochoa, H.; Guinea, F. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 92, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.92.021003	journal	June 2020
Skyrmion Lattice in a Chiral Magnet Muhlbauer, S.; Binz, B.; Jonietz, F. Science, Vol. 323, Issue 5916 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1166767	journal	February 2009
Spin Transfer Torques in MnSi at Ultralow Current Densities Jonietz, F.; Muhlbauer, S.; Pfleiderer, C. Science, Vol. 330, Issue 6011 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1195709	journal	December 2010
Blowing magnetic skyrmion bubbles Jiang, W.; Upadhyaya, P.; Zhang, W. Science, Vol. 349, Issue 6245 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa1442	journal	June 2015

Similar Records

Manipulation of Magnetic Skyrmion in a 2D van der Waals Heterostructure via Both Electric and Magnetic Fields

Journal Article · Mon Aug 16 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Advanced Functional Materials · OSTI ID:1976166

Topological Magnetic-Spin Textures in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Cr₂Ge₂Te₆

Journal Article · Tue Oct 29 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Nano Letters · OSTI ID:1580243

Related Subjects

2D magnetism
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
interface coupling
layered magnets
magnetic skyrmions

A Van der Waals Interface Hosting Two Groups of Magnetic Skyrmions

Citation Formats

References (40)

Similar Records

Related Subjects