SN 2021fxy: mid-ultraviolet flux suppression is a common feature of Type Ia supernovae

DerKacy, J. M.; Paugh, S.; Baron, E.; Brown, P. J.; Ashall, C.; Burns, C. R.; Hsiao, E. Y.; Kumar, S.; Lu, J.; Morrell, N.; Phillips, M. M.; Shahbandeh, M.; Shappee, B. J.; Stritzinger, M. D.; Tucker, M. A.; Yarbrough, Z.; Boutsia, K.; Hoeflich, P.; Wang, L.; Galbany, L.; Karamehmetoglu, E.; Krisciunas, K.; Mazzali, P.; Piro, A. L.; Suntzeff, N. B.; Fiore, A.; Gutiérrez, C. P.; Lundqvist, P.; Reguitti, A.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad1171

Title: SN 2021fxy: mid-ultraviolet flux suppression is a common feature of Type Ia supernovae

Journal Article · Mon Apr 24 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1171· OSTI ID:1972501

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ABSTRACT We present ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) observations and analysis of the nearby Type Ia supernova SN 2021fxy. Our observations include UV photometry from Swift/UVOT, UV spectroscopy from HST/STIS, and high-cadence optical photometry with the Swope 1-m telescope capturing intranight rises during the early light curve. Early B − V colours show SN 2021fxy is the first ‘shallow-silicon’ (SS) SN Ia to follow a red-to-blue evolution, compared to other SS objects which show blue colours from the earliest observations. Comparisons to other spectroscopically normal SNe Ia with HST UV spectra reveal SN 2021fxy is one of several SNe Ia with flux suppression in the mid-UV. These SNe also show blueshifted mid-UV spectral features and strong high-velocity Ca ii features. One possible origin of this mid-UV suppression is the increased effective opacity in the UV due to increased line blanketing from high velocity material, but differences in the explosion mechanism cannot be ruled out. Among SNe Ia with mid-UV suppression, SNe 2021fxy and 2017erp show substantial similarities in their optical properties despite belonging to different Branch subgroups, and UV flux differences of the same order as those found between SNe 2011fe and 2011by. Differential comparisons to multiple sets of synthetic SN Ia UV spectra reveal this UV flux difference likely originates from a luminosity difference between SNe 2021fxy and 2017erp, and not differing progenitor metallicities as suggested for SNe 2011by and 2011fe. These comparisons illustrate the complicated nature of UV spectral formation, and the need for more UV spectra to determine the physical source of SNe Ia UV diversity.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC03-76SF00098

OSTI ID:: 1972501

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol. 522 Journal Issue: 3; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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