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Electric Field Effects on Water and Ion Structure and Diffusion at the Orthoclase (001)–Water Interface

Journal Article · · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C
Understanding the electrochemical properties of mineral–water interfaces tends to rely upon electrical double layer (EDL) models, but these models are based on the assumption that electrostatic equilibrium is constantly maintained. In reality, interfacial reactions, ion diffusion, and their electrochemical signatures are based in nonequilibrium conditions of locally or globally imbalanced electrical fields where current EDL models have limited purview. In this work, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the orthoclase (001) surface in contact with a 1 M NaCl aqueous solution under various electric fields, to explore the interplay between EDL structure and dynamics when perturbed by electric fields of different direction and strength, by confinement, and by different distributions of structural surface charge. The simulations showed that confinement between two opposing (001) surfaces led to the development of an induced field when the applied field was perpendicular to the surfaces and, as a result, to ionic diffusion coefficients that were independent of electric field strength. In contrast, when the applied field was parallel to the surfaces, confinement resulted in ionic diffusion coefficients that were more strongly dependent on the magnitude of the electric field than in bulk water. Differences in the density and distribution of aluminol groups on the two surfaces had a significant impact on how the interfacial structure and dynamics varied in the presence of an electric field. Notably, these differences resulted in an electro-osmotic flow with opposite directions at the two surfaces under parallel applied electric field. Overall, the MD simulations highlighted the importance of considering atomic-level structure and heterogeneities when developing models of the electrochemical properties of mineral–water interfaces.
Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1972337
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-179398
Journal Information:
Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Journal Name: Journal of Physical Chemistry. C Journal Issue: 15 Vol. 127; ISSN 1932-7447
Publisher:
American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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