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Mycorrhiza Better Predict Soil Fungal Community Composition and Function than Aboveground Traits in Temperate Forest Ecosystems

Journal Article · · Ecosystems
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [4];  [4]
  1. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States); Dartmouth College
  2. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States); Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN (United States)
  3. Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham, NH (United States)
  4. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States)

Forests in the northeastern US are experiencing shifts in community composition due to the northward migration of warm-adapted tree species and certain species’ declines (for example, white ash and eastern hemlock) due to invasive insects. Changes in belowground fungal communities and associated functions will inevitably follow. Therefore, we sought to investigate the relative importance of two important tree characteristics—mycorrhizal type [ectomycorrhizal (EcM) or arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)] and leaf habit (deciduous or evergreen) on soil fungal community composition and organic matter cycling. We sampled soil in the organic and mineral horizons beneath two AM-associated (Fraxinus americana and Thuja occidentalis) and two ECM-associated tree species (Betula alleghaniensis and Tsuga canadensis), with an evergreen and deciduous species in each mycorrhizal group. To characterize fungal communities and organic matter decomposition beneath each tree species, we sequenced the ITS1 region of fungal DNA and measured the potential activity of carbon- and nitrogen-targeting extracellular enzymes. Each tree species harbored distinct fungal communities, supporting the need to consider both mycorrhizal type and leaf habit. However, between tree characteristics, mycorrhizal type better predicted fungal communities. Across fungal guilds, saprotrophic fungi were the most important group in shaping fungal community differences in soils beneath all tree species. The effect of leaf habit on carbon- and nitrogen-targeting hydrolytic enzymes depended on tree mycorrhizal association in the organic horizon, while oxidative enzyme activities were higher beneath EcM-associated trees across both soil horizons and leaf habits.

Research Organization:
Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
Contributing Organization:
University of Wisconsin Madison Biotechnology Center
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0020228
OSTI ID:
1971371
Journal Information:
Ecosystems, Journal Name: Ecosystems Vol. 26; ISSN 1432-9840
Publisher:
SpringerCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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