Entanglement-enhanced matter-wave interferometry in a high-finesse cavity

Journal Article · Wed Oct 19 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Nature (London)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05197-9· OSTI ID:1969960

Greve, Graham P. ^[1]; Luo, Chengyi ^[1]; Wu, Baochen ^[1]; Thompson, James K. ^[1]

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1. JILA, Boulder, CO (United States); National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

An ensemble of atoms can operate as a quantum sensor by placing atoms in a superposition of two different states. Upon measurement of the sensor, each atom is individually projected into one of the two states. Creating quantum correlations between the atoms, that is entangling them, could lead to resolutions surpassing the standard quantum limit set by projections of individual atoms. Large amounts of entanglement involving the internal degrees of freedom of laser-cooled atomic ensembles have been generated in collective cavity quantum-electrodynamics systems, in which many atoms simultaneously interact with a single optical cavity mode. Here we report a matter-wave interferometer in a cavity quantum-electrodynamics system of 700 atoms that are entangled in their external degrees of freedom. In our system, each individual atom falls freely under gravity and simultaneously traverses two paths through space while entangled with the other atoms. In this work, we demonstrate both quantum non-demolition measurements and cavity-mediated spin interactions for generating squeezed momentum states with directly observed sensitivity $$3.4^{+1.1}_{–0.9}$$dB and $$2.5^{+0.6}_{–0.6}$$dB below the standard quantum limit, respectively. We successfully inject an entangled state into a Mach–Zehnder light-pulse interferometer with directly observed sensitivity $$1.7^{+0.5}_{–0.5}$$dB below the standard quantum limit. The combination of particle delocalization and entanglement in our approach may influence developments of enhanced inertial sensors, searches for new physics, particles and fields, future advanced gravitational wave detectors and accessing beyond mean-field quantum many-body physics.

• Research Organization: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-05CH11231
• OSTI ID: 1969960
• Journal Information: Nature (London), Journal Name: Nature (London) Journal Issue: 7932 Vol. 610; ISSN 0028-0836
• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Atomic and molecular interactions with photons
Matter waves and particle beams
Quantum metrology
Quantum optics
Quantum simulation