Soil Respiration Responses to Throughfall Exclusion Are Decoupled From Changes in Soil Moisture for Four Tropical Forests, Suggesting Processes for Ecosystem Models

Cusack, Daniela F.; Dietterich, Lee H.; Sulman, Benjamin N.

doi:10.1029/2022GB007473

Title: Soil Respiration Responses to Throughfall Exclusion Are Decoupled From Changes in Soil Moisture for Four Tropical Forests, Suggesting Processes for Ecosystem Models

Journal Article · Thu Apr 13 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Global Biogeochemical Cycles

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007473· OSTI ID:1969752

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Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Republic of Panama
Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute Oak Ridge TN USA

Abstract Climatic drying is predicted for many tropical forests yet models remain poorly parameterized for these ecosystems, hampering predictions of forest‐climate interactions. We applied an integrated model–experiment approach, parameterizing an ecosystem model with tropical forest observational data and comparing model predictions to a field drying manipulation. We hypothesized that drying suppresses soil CO ₂ fluxes (i.e., respiration) in relatively dry tropical forests but increases CO ₂ fluxes in wetter tropical forests by alleviating anaerobiosis. We measured soil CO ₂ fluxes during wet‐dry cycles from 2015 to 2022 in four Panamanian forests that vary in rainfall and soil fertility. Measured soil CO ₂ fluxes declined in the dry season and peaked in the early wet season ahead of peak soil moisture, resulting in lower soil moisture optima for respiration than previously modeled. We then parameterized the model using field data and the new moisture‐respiration response functions. The updated model predicted increased soil CO ₂ fluxes with drying in wetter and fertile forests and suppressed fluxes in drier, infertile forests. In contrast to model predictions, a chronic throughfall exclusion experiment initially suppressed soil respiration across forests, with sustained suppression for four years in the wettest forest only (−28% ± 4% during the dry season). In the fertile forest, drying eventually elevated CO ₂ fluxes over this period (+75% ± 28% during the late wet season). The unexpected negative drying effect in the wettest, infertile forest could have resulted from reduced vertical flushing of nutrients into soils. Including hydro‐nutrient interactions in ecosystem models could improve predictions of tropical forest‐climate feedbacks.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; SC0015898

OSTI ID:: 1969752

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1969753; OSTI ID: 1971061

Journal Information:: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Name: Global Biogeochemical Cycles Vol. 37 Journal Issue: 4; ISSN 0886-6236

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Soil Respiration Responses to Throughfall Exclusion Are Decoupled From Changes in Soil Moisture for Four Tropical Forests, Suggesting Processes for Ecosystem Models

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