National CO2 budgets (2015–2020) inferred from atmospheric CO2 observations in support of the global stocktake

Byrne, Brendan; Baker, David F.; Basu, Sourish; Bertolacci, Michael; Bowman, Kevin W.; Carroll, Dustin; Chatterjee, Abhishek; Chevallier, Frédéric; Ciais, Philippe; Cressie, Noel; Crisp, David; Crowell, Sean; Deng, Feng; Deng, Zhu; Deutscher, Nicholas M.; Dubey, Manvendra K.; Feng, Sha; García, Omaira E.; Griffith, David T.; Herkommer, Benedikt; Hu, Lei; Jacobson, Andrew R.; Janardanan, Rajesh; Jeong, Sujong; Johnson, Matthew S.; Jones, Dylan A.; Kivi, Rigel; Liu, Junjie; Liu, Zhiqiang; Maksyutov, Shamil; Miller, John B.; Miller, Scot M.; Morino, Isamu; Notholt, Justus; Oda, Tomohiro; O'Dell, Christopher W.; Oh, Young-Suk; Ohyama, Hirofumi; Patra, Prabir K.; Peiro, Hélène; Petri, Christof; Philip, Sajeev; Pollard, David F.; Poulter, Benjamin; Remaud, Marine; Schuh, Andrew; Sha, Mahesh K.; Shiomi, Kei; Strong, Kimberly; Sweeney, Colm; Té, Yao; Tian, Hanqin; Velazco, Voltaire A.; Vrekoussis, Mihalis; Warneke, Thorsten; Worden, John R.; Wunch, Debra; Yao, Yuanzhi; Yun, Jeongmin; Zammit-Mangion, Andrew; Zeng, Ning

doi:10.5194/essd-15-963-2023

Title: National CO₂ budgets (2015–2020) inferred from atmospheric CO₂ observations in support of the global stocktake

Journal Article · Tue Mar 07 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Earth System Science Data (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-963-2023· OSTI ID:1969020

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California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (United States)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, College Park, MD (United States)
University of Wollongong, NSW (Australia)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); University of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
San Jose State University, CA (United States); California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
University Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
University of Wollongong, NSW (Australia); California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (United States)
University of Toronto, ON (Canada)
Tsinghua University, Beijing (China)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMet), Tenerife (Spain)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) (Germany)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States); University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba (Japan)
Seoul National University (Korea, Republic of)
NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA (United States)
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä (Finland)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); ; California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (United States)
University of Bremen (Germany)
Universities Space Research Association, Washington, D.C (United States); University of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do (Korea, Republic of)
Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama (Japan)
Indian Inst. of Technology (IIT) Delhi, New Delhi (India)
National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), Lauder (New Zealand)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels (Belgium)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba (Japan)
PSL Université, Paris (France)
Auburn University, AL (United States); Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA (United States)
University of Wollongong, NSW (Australia); Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Hohenpeissenberg (Germany)
Cyprus Institute, Nicosia (Cyprus); University of Bremen (Germany)
Auburn University, AL (United States)
University of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, College Park, MD (United States)

Accurate accounting of emissions and removals of CO₂ is critical for the planning and verification of emission reduction targets in support of the Paris Agreement. Here, we present a pilot dataset of country-specific net carbon exchange (NCE; fossil plus terrestrial ecosystem fluxes) and terrestrial carbon stock changes aimed at informing countries' carbon budgets. These estimates are based on “top-down” NCE outputs from the v10 Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) modeling intercomparison project (MIP), wherein an ensemble of inverse modeling groups conducted standardized experiments assimilating OCO-2 column-averaged dry-air mole fraction (X_CO₂) retrievals (ACOS v10), in situ CO₂ measurements or combinations of these data. The v10 OCO-2 MIP NCE estimates are combined with “bottom-up” estimates of fossil fuel emissions and lateral carbon fluxes to estimate changes in terrestrial carbon stocks, which are impacted by anthropogenic and natural drivers. These flux and stock change estimates are reported annually (2015–2020) as both a global 1° x 1° gridded dataset and a country-level dataset and are available for download from the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites' (CEOS) website. Across the v10 OCO-2 MIP experiments, we obtain increases in the ensemble median terrestrial carbon stocks of 3.29–4.58 Pg CO2 yr^-1(0.90–1.25 Pg C yr^-1). This is a result of broad increases in terrestrial carbon stocks across the northern extratropics, while the tropics generally have stock losses but with considerable regional variability and differences between v10 OCO-2 MIP experiments. We discuss the state of the science for tracking emissions and removals using top-down methods, including current limitations and future developments towards top-down monitoring and verification systems.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); European Commission (EC); Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service; Australian Research Council; Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency; Korea Meteorological Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; 958927 856612/EMME-CARE; CAMS73; DP190100180; DE180100203; DP160100598; LE0668470; DP140101552; DP110103118; DP0879468; FT180100327; JPMEERF21S20800; KMA2018-00320; 20-OCOST20-0004; 80NSSC18K0908; 80NSSC18K0976; 80NSSC20K0006; 80NSSC21K1068; 80NSSC21K1073; 80NSSC21K1077; 80NSSC21K1080; 80HQTR21T0069; NAG512247; NNG05GD07G; NNH17ZDA001N-OCO2; NNX15AG93G; NA18OAR4310266

OSTI ID:: 1969020

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-174797

Journal Information:: Earth System Science Data (Online), Vol. 15, Issue 2; ISSN 1866-3516

Publisher:: Copernicus PublicationsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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