Rational Design of Fluorinated Electrolytes for Low Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Yoo, Dong‐Joo; Liu, Qian; Cohen, Orion; Kim, Minkyu; Persson, Kristin A.; Zhang, Zhengcheng

doi:10.1002/aenm.202204182

Rational Design of Fluorinated Electrolytes for Low Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Journal Article · Sun Apr 09 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Advanced Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202204182· OSTI ID:1968942

Yoo, Dong‐Joo ^[1]; Liu, Qian ^[1]; Cohen, Orion ^[2]; Kim, Minkyu ^[1]; Persson, Kristin A. ^[3]; ^[1]

Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA, The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Abstract

Nonaqueous carbonate electrolytes are commonly used in commercial lithium‐ion battery (LIB). However, the sluggish Li ⁺ diffusivity and high interfacial charge transfer resistance at low temperature (LT) limit their wide adoption among geographical areas with high latitudes and altitudes. Herein, a rational design of new electrolytes is demonstrated, which can significantly improve the low temperature performance below −20 °C. This electrolyte is achieved by tailoring the chemical structure, i.e., altering the fluorination position and the degree of fluorination, of ethyl acetate solvent. It is found that fluorination adjacent to the carbonyl group or high degree of fluorination leads to a stronger electron‐withdrawing effect, resulting in low atomic charge on the carbonyl oxygen solvating sites, and thus low binding energies with Li ⁺ ions at LT. The optimal electrolyte 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl acetate (EA‐f) shows significantly improved cycle life and C‐rate of a NMC622/graphite cell when cycled at −20 °C and −40 °C, respectively. In addition to superior LT performance, the electrolyte is nonflammable and tolerant for high voltage charging all owing to its fluorine content. This work provides guidance in designing next‐generation electrolytes to address the critical challenge at subzero temperatures.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NONE; AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1968942

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2314989
OSTI ID: 1975314
OSTI ID: 2234129

Journal Information:: Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Energy Materials Journal Issue: 20 Vol. 13; ISSN 1614-6832

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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Rational Design of Fluorinated Electrolytes for Low Temperature Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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