Record-Breaking Precipitation in Indonesia's Capital of Jakarta in Early January 2020 Linked to the Northerly Surge, Equatorial Waves, and MJO

Lubis, Sandro W.; Hagos, Samson; Hermawan, Eddy; Respati, Muhamad R.; Ridho, Ainur; Risyanto, Risyanto; Paski, Jaka A. I.; Muhammad, Fadhlil R.; Siswanto, Siswanto; Ratri, Dian Nur; Setiawan, Sonny; Permana, Donaldi S.

doi:10.1029/2022gl101513

Record-Breaking Precipitation in Indonesia's Capital of Jakarta in Early January 2020 Linked to the Northerly Surge, Equatorial Waves, and MJO

Journal Article · Mon Nov 07 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Geophysical Research Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl101513· OSTI ID:1963897

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Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta (Indonesia)
Monash Univ., Melbourne, VIC (Australia)
Search Engine for Risk and Actions on Resilience, Bandung (Indonesia)
Indonesia Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics, Jakarta (Indonesia)
Univ. of Melbourne, VIC (Australia)
Indonesia Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics, Jakarta (Indonesia); Wageningen Univ. (Netherlands)
IPB University, Bogor (Indonesia)

A rare record-breaking extreme rainfall event, the highest amount recorded since 1866, hit Indonesia’s capital, Jakarta, in early January 2020. The torrential rainfall was mainly caused by an active cross-equatorial northerly surge (CENS) that occurred concurrently with equatorial waves and Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO). A strong and persistent low-level northerly wind and moisture transport induced by CENS created favorable atmospheric conditions for the formation of deep convection and heavy rainfall over Jakarta. The concurrent occurrences of convectively active phases of equatorial waves (mainly Kelvin, TD-type, and eastward propagating inertia-gravity waves) and MJO during the event further supported the development of heavy rainfall by increasing low-level moisture flux convergence, whereas equatorial Rossby waves contributed indirectly to the increased moisture transport by amplifying cross-equatorial meridional flows toward Jakarta. Together, these large-scale dynamical forcing factors provided a conducive convective environment for the development of mesoscale convective systems and, hence, extreme rainfall over the region.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1963897

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-176143

Journal Information:: Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Name: Geophysical Research Letters Journal Issue: 22 Vol. 49; ISSN 0094-8276

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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