Impact of n-Butylammonium Bromide on the Chemical and Electronic Structure of Double-Cation Perovskite Thin Films

Hauschild, Dirk; Seitz, Linsey; Gharibzadeh, Saba; Steininger, Ralph; Jiang, Nan; Yang, Wanli; Paetzold, Ulrich Wilhelm; Heske, Clemens; Weinhardt, Lothar

doi:10.1021/acsami.1c15707

Impact of n-Butylammonium Bromide on the Chemical and Electronic Structure of Double-Cation Perovskite Thin Films

Journal Article · Thu Oct 28 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c15707· OSTI ID:1963033

^[1]; ^[2]; Gharibzadeh, Saba ^[2]; Steininger, Ralph ^[2]; Jiang, Nan ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[2]; ^[1]; ^[1]

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) (Germany); University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV (United States)
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) (Germany)
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)

2D/3D perovskite heterostructures have emerged as a promising material composition to reduce nonradiative recombination in perovskite-based LEDs and solar cells. Such heterostructures can be created by a surface treatment with large organic cations, for example, n-butylammonium bromide (BABr). To understand the impact of the BABr surface treatment on the double-cation (Cs_0.17FA_0.83Pb(I_0.6Br_0.4)₃) (FA = formamidinium) perovskite thin film and further optimize the corresponding structures, an in-depth understanding of the chemical and electronic properties of the involved surfaces, interfaces, and bulk is required. We study the impact of the BABr treatment with a combination of surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and bulk-sensitive resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering (RIXS). A quantitative analysis of the BABr-treated perovskite thin film shows a modified chemical perovskite surface environment of carbon, nitrogen, bromine, iodine, and lead, indicating that the treatment leads to a perovskite surface with a modified composition and bonding structure. With K-edge RIXS, the local environment at the nitrogen and carbon atoms is probed, allowing us to identify the presence of BABr in the perovskite bulk albeit with a modified bonding environment. This, in turn, identifies a "hidden parameter" for the optimization of the BABr treatment and overall performance of 2D/3D perovskite solar cell absorbers.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: German Helmholtz-Association; German Research Foundation (DFG); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1963033

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Journal Name: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces Journal Issue: 44 Vol. 13; ISSN 1944-8244

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
X-ray absorption spectroscopy
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n-butylammonium bromide surface treatment
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photoelectron spectroscopy
resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering

Impact of n-Butylammonium Bromide on the Chemical and Electronic Structure of Double-Cation Perovskite Thin Films

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