A mini-TGA protein modulates gene expression through heterogeneous association with transcription factors

Tomaž, Špela; Petek, Marko; Lukan, Tjaša; Pogačar, Karmen; Stare, Katja; Teixeira Prates, Erica; Jacobson, Daniel A.; Zrimec, Jan; Bajc, Gregor; Butala, Matej; Pompe Novak, Maruša; Dudley, Quentin; Patron, Nicola; Taler-Verčič, Ajda; Usenik, Aleksandra; Turk, Dušan; Prat, Salomé; Coll, Anna; Gruden, Kristina

doi:10.1093/plphys/kiac579

Title: A mini-TGA protein modulates gene expression through heterogeneous association with transcription factors

Journal Article · Thu Dec 15 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Plant Physiology (Bethesda)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiac579· OSTI ID:1961889

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Abstract TGA (TGACG-binding) transcription factors, which bind their target DNA through a conserved basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) domain, are vital regulators of gene expression in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated plant immunity. Here, we investigated the role of StTGA2.1, a potato (Solanum tuberosum) TGA lacking the full bZIP, which we named a mini-TGA. Such truncated proteins have been widely assigned as loss-of-function mutants. We, however, confirmed that StTGA2.1 overexpression compensates for SA-deficiency, indicating a distinct mechanism of action compared with model plant species. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we showed that StTGA2.1 can physically interact with StTGA2.2 and StTGA2.3, while its interaction with DNA was not detected. We investigated the changes in transcriptional regulation due to StTGA2.1 overexpression, identifying direct and indirect target genes. Using in planta transactivation assays, we confirmed that StTGA2.1 interacts with StTGA2.3 to activate StPRX07, a member of class III peroxidases (StPRX), which are known to play role in immune response. Finally, via structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, we hypothesized that the compact molecular architecture of StTGA2.1 distorts DNA conformation upon heterodimer binding to enable transcriptional activation. This study demonstrates how protein truncation can lead to distinct functions and that such events should be studied carefully in other protein families.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Slovenian Research Agency; European Union (EU)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; 1000-22-0105; 862858

OSTI ID:: 1961889

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1914337; OSTI ID: 1986246

Journal Information:: Plant Physiology (Bethesda), Journal Name: Plant Physiology (Bethesda) Vol. 191 Journal Issue: 3; ISSN 0032-0889

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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