Laser spectroscopy for the study of exotic nuclei

Yang, Xiaofei F.; Wang, S. J.; Wilkins, S. G.; Garcia Ruiz, R. F.

doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2022.104005

Laser spectroscopy for the study of exotic nuclei

Journal Article · Wed Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2022.104005· OSTI ID:2421800

^[1]; Wang, S. J. ^[2]; Wilkins, S. G. ^[3]; Garcia Ruiz, R. F. ^[3]

Peking Univ., Beijing (China); OSTI
Peking Univ., Beijing (China)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Investigation into the properties and structure of unstable nuclei far from stability is a key avenue of research in modern nuclear physics. These efforts are motivated by the continual observation of unexpected structure phenomena in nuclei with unusual proton-to-neutron ratios. In recent decades, laser spectroscopy techniques have made significant contributions in our understanding of exotic nuclei in different mass regions encompassing almost the entire nuclear chart. This is achieved through determining multiple fundamental properties of nuclear ground and isomeric states, such as nuclear spins, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments and charge radii, via the measurement of hyperfine structures and isotope shifts in the atomic or ionic spectra of the nuclei of interest. These properties offer prominent tests of recently developed state-of-the-art nuclear theory and help to stimulate new developments in improving the many-body methods and nucleon–nucleon interactions at the core of these models. With the aim of exploring more exotic short-lived nuclei located ever closer to the proton and neutron driplines, laser spectroscopy techniques, with their continuous technological developments towards higher resolution and higher sensitivity, are extensively employed at current- and next-generation radioactive ion beam facilities worldwide. Ongoing efforts in parallel promise to improve the availability of these even more exotic species at next-generation facilities. Very recently, an innovative application of laser spectroscopy on molecules containing short-lived nuclei has been demonstrated offering additional opportunities for several fields of research, e.g. fundamental symmetry studies and astrophysics. Here, in this review, the basic nuclear properties measurable with laser spectroscopy will be introduced. How these observables are associated with nuclear structure and nucleon–nucleon interactions will be discussed. Following this, a general overview of different laser spectroscopy methods will be given with particular emphasis on technical advancements reported in recent years. The main focus of this article is to review the numerous highlights that have resulted from studying exotic nuclei in different mass regions with laser spectroscopy techniques since the last edition in this series. Finally, the challenges facing the field in addition to future opportunities will be discussed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021176; SC0021179

OSTI ID:: 2421800

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1961011

Journal Information:: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Journal Name: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Journal Issue: C Vol. 129; ISSN 0146-6410

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Shell structure of potassium isotopes deduced from their magnetic moments Papuga, J.; Bissell, M. L.; Kreim, K. Physical Review C, Vol. 90, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.90.034321	journal	September 2014
Shell-model study of quadrupole collectivity in light tin isotopes Coraggio, L.; Covello, A.; Gargano, A. Physical Review C, Vol. 91, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.041301	journal	April 2015
Nuclear moments and charge radii of neutron-deficient francium isotopes and isomers Voss, A.; Buchinger, F.; Cheal, B. Physical Review C, Vol. 91, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.044307	journal	April 2015
Accurate nuclear radii and binding energies from a chiral interaction Ekström, A.; Jansen, G. R.; Wendt, K. A. Physical Review C, Vol. 91, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.91.051301	journal	May 2015
Charge radii of neutron-deficient K 36 and K 37 Rossi, D. M.; Minamisono, K.; Asberry, H. B. Physical Review C, Vol. 92, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.014305	journal	July 2015
Investigation into the semimagic nature of the tin isotopes through electromagnetic moments Allmond, J. M.; Stuchbery, A. E.; Galindo-Uribarri, A. Physical Review C, Vol. 92, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.041303	journal	October 2015
Spins and magnetic moments of Mn 58 , 60 , 62 , 64 ground states and isomers Heylen, H.; Babcock, C.; Billowes, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 92, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.92.044311	journal	October 2015
Combined high-resolution laser spectroscopy and nuclear decay spectroscopy for the study of the low-lying states in Fr 206 , At 202 , and Bi 198 Lynch, K. M.; Cocolios, T. E.; Billowes, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 93, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.014319	journal	January 2016
Cu charge radii reveal a weak sub-shell effect at N = 40 Bissell, M. L.; Carette, T.; Flanagan, K. T. Physical Review C, Vol. 93, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.93.064318	journal	June 2016
Laser spectroscopy studies of intruder states in Bi 193 , 195 , 197 Barzakh, A. E.; Fedorov, D. V.; Ivanov, V. S. Physical Review C, Vol. 94, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.94.024334	journal	August 2016
Toward a global description of nuclear charge radii: Exploring the Fayans energy density functional Reinhard, P. -G.; Nazarewicz, W. Physical Review C, Vol. 95, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.95.064328	journal	June 2017
In-gas-cell laser spectroscopy of the magnetic dipole moment of the N ≈ 126 isotope Pt 199 Hirayama, Y.; Mukai, M.; Watanabe, Y. X. Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.014307	journal	July 2017
Quadrupole moment of Fr 203 Wilkins, S. G.; Lynch, K. M.; Billowes, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.034317	journal	September 2017
Probing the Ga 31 ground-state properties in the region near Z = 28 with high-resolution laser spectroscopy Farooq-Smith, G. J.; Vernon, A. R.; Billowes, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.044324	journal	October 2017
First determination of ground state electromagnetic moments ofFe53 Miller, A. J.; Minamisono, K.; Rossi, D. M. Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.054314	journal	November 2017
In-gas laser ionization and spectroscopy of actinium isotopes near the N = 126 closed shell Granados, C.; Creemers, P.; Ferrer, R. Physical Review C, Vol. 96, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.96.054331	journal	November 2017
Shell effect in the mean square charge radii and magnetic moments of bismuth isotopes near N = 126 Barzakh, A. E.; Fedorov, D. V.; Ivanov, V. S. Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.014322	journal	January 2018
Laser-spectroscopy studies of the nuclear structure of neutron-rich radium Lynch, K. M.; Wilkins, S. G.; Billowes, J. Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.024309	journal	February 2018
Charge radii and electromagnetic moments of At 195 – 211 Cubiss, J. G.; Barzakh, A. E.; Seliverstov, M. D. Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.054327	journal	May 2018
Spins and electromagnetic moments of Cd 101 – 109 Yordanov, D. T.; Balabanski, D. L.; Bissell, M. L. Physical Review C, Vol. 98, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.98.011303	journal	July 2018
Enhanced nuclear Schiff moment and time-reversal violation in Th 229 -containing molecules Flambaum, V. V. Physical Review C, Vol. 99, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.99.035501	journal	March 2019
Shape staggering of midshell mercury isotopes from in-source laser spectroscopy compared with density-functional-theory and Monte Carlo shell-model calculations Sels, S.; Day Goodacre, T.; Marsh, B. A. Physical Review C, Vol. 99, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.99.044306	journal	April 2019
Inverse odd-even staggering in nuclear charge radii and possible octupole collectivity in At 217 , 218 , 219 revealed by in-source laser spectroscopy Barzakh, A. E.; Cubiss, J. G.; Andreyev, A. N. Physical Review C, Vol. 99, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.99.054317	journal	May 2019
Ground-state electromagnetic moments of Ca 37 Klose, A.; Minamisono, K.; Miller, A. J. Physical Review C, Vol. 99, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.99.061301	journal	June 2019
Probing atomic Higgs-like forces at the precision frontier Delaunay, Cédric; Ozeri, Roee; Perez, Gilad Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.093001	journal	November 2017
Probing new spin-independent interactions through precision spectroscopy in atoms with few electrons Delaunay, Cédric; Frugiuele, Claudia; Fuchs, Elina Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.96.115002	journal	December 2017
Precision Measurement of Li 11 Moments: Influence of Halo Neutrons on the Li 9 Core Neugart, R.; Balabanski, D. L.; Blaum, K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.132502	journal	September 2008
Precision Measurement of the Hyperfine Structure of Laser-Cooled RadioactiveBe+7Ions Produced by Projectile Fragmentation Okada, K.; Wada, M.; Nakamura, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.212502	journal	November 2008
Masses and Charge Radii ofNe17–22and the Two-Proton-Halo CandidateNe17 Geithner, W.; Neff, T.; Audi, G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.252502	journal	December 2008
Nuclear Charge Radii of Be 7 , 9 , 10 and the One-Neutron Halo Nucleus Be 11 Nörtershäuser, W.; Tiedemann, D.; Žáková, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.062503	journal	February 2009
Laser Spectroscopy of Niobium Fission Fragments: First Use of Optical Pumping in an Ion Beam Cooler Buncher Cheal, B.; Baczynska, K.; Billowes, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.222501	journal	June 2009
Magnetic Dipole Moment of Cu 57 , 59 Measured by In-Gas-Cell Laser Spectroscopy Cocolios, T. E.; Andreyev, A. N.; Bastin, B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.102501	journal	August 2009
Nuclear Spins and Magnetic Moments of Cu 71 , 73 , 75 : Inversion of π 2 p 3 / 2 and π 1 f 5 / 2 Levels in Cu 75 Flanagan, K. T.; Vingerhoets, P.; Avgoulea, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.142501	journal	October 2009
Nuclear Spins and Moments of Ga Isotopes Reveal Sudden Structural Changes between N = 40 and N = 50 Cheal, B.; Mané, E.; Billowes, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.252502	journal	June 2010
Orbital Dependent Nucleonic Pairing in the Lightest Known Isotopes of Tin Darby, I. G.; Grzywacz, R. K.; Batchelder, J. C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.162502	journal	October 2010
Early Onset of Ground State Deformation in Neutron Deficient Polonium Isotopes Cocolios, T. E.; Dexters, W.; Seliverstov, M. D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.052503	journal	February 2011
Wigner Crystals of Th 229 for Optical Excitation of the Nuclear Isomer Campbell, C. J.; Radnaev, A. G.; Kuzmich, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.223001	journal	June 2011
First Experimental Determination of the Charge Radius ofRb74and Its Application in Tests of the Unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix Mané, E.; Voss, A.; Behr, J. A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.212502	journal	November 2011
Nuclear Charge Radii of Mg 21 − 32 Yordanov, D. T.; Bissell, M. L.; Blaum, K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.042504	journal	January 2012
Nuclear Charge Radius of Be 12 Krieger, A.; Blaum, K.; Bissell, M. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.142501	journal	April 2012
Spins and Magnetic Moments of K 49 and K 51 : Establishing the 1 / 2 + and 3 / 2 + Level Ordering Beyond N = 28 Papuga, J.; Bissell, M. L.; Kreim, K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.172503	journal	April 2013
Spins, Electromagnetic Moments, and Isomers of Cd 107 − 129 Yordanov, D. T.; Balabanski, D. L.; Bieroń, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.192501	journal	May 2013
First Use of High-Frequency Intensity Modulation of Narrow-Linewidth Laser Light and Its Application in Determination of Fr 206 , 205 , 204 Ground-State Properties Voss, Annika; Pearson, Matthew R.; Billowes, Jonathan Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.122501	journal	September 2013
Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy of Neutron-Deficient Francium Isotopes Flanagan, K. T.; Lynch, K. M.; Billowes, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.212501	journal	November 2013
Measurement of the Dipole Polarizability of the Unstable Neutron-Rich Nucleus Ni 68 Rossi, D. M.; Adrich, P.; Aksouh, F. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.242503	journal	December 2013
Hyperfine Structure Constant of the Neutron Halo NucleusBe+11 Takamine, A.; Wada, M.; Okada, K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.162502	journal	April 2014
Proton-Neutron Pairing Correlations in the Self-Conjugate Nucleus K 38 Probed via a Direct Measurement of the Isomer Shift Bissell, M. L.; Papuga, J.; Naïdja, H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.052502	journal	July 2014
Magnetic Moments of Light Nuclei from Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics Beane, S. R.; Chang, E.; Cohen, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.252001	journal	December 2014
Probing the N = 32 Shell Closure below the Magic Proton Number Z = 20 : Mass Measurements of the Exotic Isotopes K 52 , 53 Rosenbusch, M.; Ascher, P.; Atanasov, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.202501	journal	May 2015
First Measurement of the Atomic Electric Dipole Moment of Ra 225 Parker, R. H.; Dietrich, M. R.; Kalita, M. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.233002	journal	June 2015
Precision Test of Many-Body QED in theBe+2pFine Structure Doublet Using Short-Lived Isotopes Nörtershäuser, Wilfried; Geppert, Christopher; Krieger, Andreas Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.033002	journal	July 2015
Precision Isotope Shift Measurements in Calcium Ions Using Quantum Logic Detection Schemes Gebert, Florian; Wan, Yong; Wolf, Fabian Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.053003	journal	July 2015
Simple Nuclear Structure in Cd 111 – 129 from Atomic Isomer Shifts Yordanov, D. T.; Balabanski, D. L.; Bissell, M. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.032501	journal	January 2016
First Evidence of Shape Coexistence in the Ni 78 Region: Intruder 0 2 + State in Ge 80 Gottardo, A.; Verney, D.; Delafosse, C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.182501	journal	May 2016
Neutron Skins and Halo Orbits in the s d and p f Shells Bonnard, J.; Lenzi, S. M.; Zuker, A. P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.212501	journal	May 2016
Structure of Ni 78 from First-Principles Computations Hagen, G.; Jansen, G. R.; Papenbrock, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.172501	journal	October 2016
Quantum Phase Transition in the Shape of Zr isotopes Togashi, Tomoaki; Tsunoda, Yusuke; Otsuka, Takaharu Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.172502	journal	October 2016
Charge Radii of Neutron Deficient Fe 52 , 53 Produced by Projectile Fragmentation Minamisono, K.; Rossi, D. M.; Beerwerth, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.252501	journal	December 2016
Shape Coexistence in Ni 78 as the Portal to the Fifth Island of Inversion Nowacki, F.; Poves, A.; Caurier, E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.272501	journal	December 2016
Electric Dipole Polarizability of Ca 48 and Implications for the Neutron Skin Birkhan, J.; Miorelli, M.; Bacca, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.252501	journal	June 2017
Spectroscopy of a Synthetic Trapped Ion Qubit Hucul, David; Christensen, Justin E.; Hudson, Eric R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.100501	journal	September 2017
Precision Measurement of the Electron’s Electric Dipole Moment Using Trapped Molecular Ions Cairncross, William B.; Gresh, Daniel N.; Grau, Matt Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.153001	journal	October 2017
Persistence of the Z = 28 Shell Gap Around Ni 78 : First Spectroscopy of Cu 79 Olivier, L.; Franchoo, S.; Niikura, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.192501	journal	November 2017
Binding Energy of Cu 79 : Probing the Structure of the Doubly Magic Ni 78 from Only One Proton Away Welker, A.; Althubiti, N. A. S.; Atanasov, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.192502	journal	November 2017
Precision Measurement of the β Asymmetry in Spin-Polarized K 37 Decay Fenker, B.; Gorelov, A.; Melconian, D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.062502	journal	February 2018
Probing New Long-Range Interactions by Isotope Shift Spectroscopy Berengut, Julian C.; Budker, Dmitry; Delaunay, Cédric Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.091801	journal	February 2018
Properties of Nuclei up to A = 16 using Local Chiral Interactions Lonardoni, D.; Carlson, J.; Gandolfi, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.122502	journal	March 2018
Demonstration of a Sensitive Method to Measure Nuclear-Spin-Dependent Parity Violation Altuntaş, Emine; Ammon, Jeffrey; Cahn, Sidney B. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.142501	journal	April 2018
Structure of the Lightest Tin Isotopes Morris, T. D.; Simonis, J.; Stroberg, S. R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.152503	journal	April 2018
Nuclear Symmetry Energy and the Breaking of the Isospin Symmetry: How Do They Reconcile with Each Other? Roca-Maza, X.; Colò, G.; Sagawa, H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.202501	journal	May 2018
Probing Long-Range Neutrino-Mediated Forces with Atomic and Nuclear Spectroscopy Stadnik, Yevgeny V. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.223202	journal	June 2018
Precision Mass Measurements of Cr 58 – 63 : Nuclear Collectivity Towards the N = 40 Island of Inversion Mougeot, M.; Atanasov, D.; Blaum, K. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.232501	journal	June 2018
Probing Sizes and Shapes of Nobelium Isotopes by Laser Spectroscopy Raeder, S.; Ackermann, D.; Backe, H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.232503	journal	June 2018
Precision Measurement of the First Ionization Potential of Nobelium Chhetri, P.; Ackermann, D.; Backe, H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.263003	journal	June 2018
Magic Nature of Neutrons in Ca 54 : First Mass Measurements of Ca 55 – 57 Michimasa, S.; Kobayashi, M.; Kiyokawa, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.022506	journal	July 2018
Novel Shape Evolution in Sn Isotopes from Magic Numbers 50 to 82 Togashi, Tomoaki; Tsunoda, Yusuke; Otsuka, Takaharu Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.062501	journal	August 2018
From Calcium to Cadmium: Testing the Pairing Functional through Charge Radii Measurements of Cd 100 − 130 Hammen, M.; Nörtershäuser, W.; Balabanski, D. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.102501	journal	September 2018
Nuclear Charge Radii of Th229 from Isotope and Isomer Shifts Safronova, M. S.; Porsev, S. G.; Kozlov, M. G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.213001	journal	November 2018
Nuclear Charge Radii of B 10 , 11 Maaß, Bernhard; Hüther, Thomas; König, Kristian Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.182501	journal	May 2019
Laser Spectroscopy of Neutron-Rich Tin Isotopes: A Discontinuity in Charge Radii across the N = 82 Shell Closure Gorges, C.; Rodríguez, L. V.; Balabanski, D. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.192502	journal	May 2019
Near-Unitary Spin Squeezing in Yb 171 Braverman, Boris; Kawasaki, Akio; Pedrozo-Peñafiel, Edwin Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.223203	journal	June 2019
Precision Measurement of Atomic Isotope Shifts Using a Two-Isotope Entangled State Manovitz, Tom; Shaniv, Ravid; Shapira, Yotam Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.203001	journal	November 2019
Evolution of Octupole Deformation in Radium Nuclei from Coulomb Excitation of Radioactive Ra 222 and Ra 228 Beams Butler, P. A.; Gaffney, L. P.; Spagnoletti, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.042503	journal	January 2020
Charge Radius of the Short-Lived Ni 68 and Correlation with the Dipole Polarizability Kaufmann, S.; Simonis, J.; Bacca, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.132502	journal	April 2020
Laser Resonance Chromatography of Superheavy Elements Laatiaoui, Mustapha; Buchachenko, Alexei A.; Viehland, Larry A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.023002	journal	July 2020
Ab Initio Limits of Atomic Nuclei Stroberg, S. R.; Holt, J. D.; Schwenk, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.022501	journal	January 2021
Precision Mass Measurements of Neutron-Rich Scandium Isotopes Refine the Evolution of N=32 and N=34 Shell Closures Leistenschneider, E.; Dunling, E.; Bollen, G. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.042501	journal	January 2021
Pairing Forces Govern Population of Doubly Magic Ca54 from Direct Reactions Browne, F.; Chen, S.; Doornenbal, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.252501	journal	June 2021
Isotope Shifts of Radium Monofluoride Molecules Udrescu, S. M.; Brinson, A. J.; Ruiz, R. F. Garcia Physical Review Letters, Vol. 127, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.033001	journal	July 2021
Charge Radius of Neutron-Deficient Ni 54 and Symmetry Energy Constraints Using the Difference in Mirror Pair Charge Radii Pineda, Skyy V.; König, Kristian; Rossi, Dominic M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 127, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.182503	journal	October 2021
Large Shape Staggering in Neutron-Deficient Bi Isotopes Barzakh, A.; Andreyev, A. N.; Raison, C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 127, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.192501	journal	November 2021
Nuclear Charge Radii of the Nickel Isotopes Ni 58 − 68 , 70 Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S.; Kaufmann, S.; Bacca, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 128, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.022502	journal	January 2022
Radium Ion Optical Clock Holliman, C. A.; Fan, M.; Contractor, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 128, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.033202	journal	January 2022
Impact of Nuclear Deformation and Pairing on the Charge Radii of Palladium Isotopes Geldhof, S.; Kortelainen, M.; Beliuskina, O. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 128, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.152501	journal	April 2022
Charge Radii of Ni55,56 Reveal a Surprisingly Similar Behavior at N=28 in Ca and Ni Isotopes Sommer, Felix; König, Kristian; Rossi, Dominic M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 129, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.132501	journal	September 2022
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Nuclear Shape Staggering in Very Neutron-Deficient Hg Isotopes Detected by Laser Spectroscopy Kühl, T.; Dabkiewicz, P.; Duke, C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.180	journal	July 1977
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Isotope Shift of Eleven Cesium Isotopes Determined by Atomic-Beam Laser Spectroscopy Huber, G.; Touchard, F.; Büttgenbach, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 41, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.41.459	journal	August 1978
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Measurements of Interaction Cross Sections and Nuclear Radii in the Light p -Shell Region Tanihata, I.; Hamagaki, H.; Hashimoto, O. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 55, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2676	journal	December 1985
Sudden change in the nuclear charge distribution of very light gold isotopes Wallmeroth, K.; Bollen, G.; Dohn, A. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 58, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.1516	journal	April 1987
Direct measurement of nuclear magnetic moments of radium isotopes Arnold, E.; Borchers, W.; Carre, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 59, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.771	journal	August 1987
Nuclear Orientation of Radon Isotopes by Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping Kitano, M.; Calaprice, F. P.; Pitt, M. L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 60, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.2133	journal	May 1988
Nuclear Charge Radii of Sr 7 8 − 1 0 0 by Nonoptical Detection in Fast-Beam Laser Spectroscopy Silverans, R. E.; Lievens, P.; Vermeeren, L. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 60, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.2607	journal	June 1988
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Isotope shifts and nuclear charge radii of krypton isotopes across the N=50 shell closure Schuessler, H.; Alousi, A.; Evans, R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 65, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.1332	journal	September 1990
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73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Exotic nuclei
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Laser spectroscopy for the study of exotic nuclei

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