Salt Transport in Crosslinked Hydrogel Membranes Containing Zwitterionic Sulfobetaine Methacrylate and Hydrophobic Phenyl Acrylate

Lin, Yi-hung; Kim, Jung Min; Beckingham, Bryan S.

doi:10.3390/polym15061387

Salt Transport in Crosslinked Hydrogel Membranes Containing Zwitterionic Sulfobetaine Methacrylate and Hydrophobic Phenyl Acrylate

Journal Article · Thu Mar 09 23:00:00 EST 2023 · Polymers

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15061387· OSTI ID:1960954

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Produced water is a by-product of industrial operations, such as hydraulic fracturing for increased oil recovery, that causes environmental issues since it includes different metal ions (e.g., Li+, K+, Ni2+, Mg2+, etc.) that need to be extracted or collected before disposal. To remove these substances using either selective transport behavior or absorption-swing processes employing membrane-bound ligands, membrane separation procedures are promising unit operations. This study investigates the transport of a series of salts in crosslinked polymer membranes synthesized using a hydrophobic monomer (phenyl acrylate, PA), a zwitterionic hydrophilic monomer (sulfobetaine methacrylate, SBMA), and a crosslinker (methylenebisacrylamide, MBAA). Membranes are characterized according to their thermomechanical properties, where an increased SBMA content leads to decreased water uptake due to structural differences within the films and to more ionic interactions between the ammonium and sulfonate moieties, resulting in a decreased water volume fraction, and Young’s modulus increases with increasing MBAA or PA content. Permeabilities, solubilities, and diffusivities of membranes to LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, and NiCl2 are determined by diffusion cell experiments, sorption-desorption experiments, and the solution-diffusion relationship, respectively. Permeability to these metal ions generally decreases with an increasing SBMA content or MBAA content due to the corresponding decreasing water volume fraction, and the permeabilities are in the order of K+ > Na+ > Li+ > Ni2+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ presumably due to the differences in the hydration diameter.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021215

OSTI ID:: 1960954

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2421812

Journal Information:: Polymers, Journal Name: Polymers Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 15; ISSN POLYCK; ISSN 2073-4360

Publisher:: MDPI AGCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Switzerland

Language:: English

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